OPSA Essentials Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which precaution is recommended for OA exercise?
• A bone density T-score indicating osteoporosis is defined as which of the following?
• What is a key exercise goal for Scheuermann's disease?
• Signs and symptoms of TOS?
• How is ITB syndrome managed?
• What does a new onset or definite change in chest pain prior to exercise indicate?
• Which practice should be avoided when exercising a patient taking ACE inhibitors?
• Trendelenburg gait - observable features. Which feature is commonly observed?
• Intermittent claudication is most likely to occur during which activity?
• Which agent is an example of an anthracycline chemotherapy drug?
• What red-flag symptoms require medical discussion before exercise participation?
• A positive Thompson test indicates Achilles tendon rupture. Which option best describes this finding?
• Intermittent claudication is defined as:
• Which set of exercises is recommended for improving a hemiparetic gait after a stroke?
• For Alzheimer's disease, the time range is
• What are typical sites of involvement in multiple myeloma?
• Which domains are evaluated by the Mini-BESTest?
• Which muscle is indicated by weakness or pain in the full can test?
• Foot drop is caused by inability to dorsiflex due to injury of which nerve?
• GOLD 4 COPD corresponds to which FEV1 range?
• What is the recommended duration cap for continuous aerobic work in CMT patients?
• Retraction (adduction) in scapular movement refers to which action?
• Which statement describes low-density lipoproteins (LDL)?
• Which statement about statin mechanism is accurate?
• Which statement correctly defines inspiratory capacity (IC)?
• In the Apley compression test, which of the following is not part of the protocol?
• Apley's scratch test protocol involves what?
• Which statement describes the Thessaly test protocol?
• Which of the following is a symptom of malignant pericardial effusion?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists have what dual clinical use?
• Pain during weight bearing due to distal tibiofibular ligament injury is characteristic of which condition?
• Which symptom is a red flag during post-MI exercise?
• Which description best matches the valgus stress test protocol?
• What is a major consideration when exercising while taking NDRIs?
• What are exercise considerations for SMA?
• To prevent heat-related symptom exacerbation during MS exercise, what should be encouraged?
• During rheumatoid arthritis flares, what is recommended?
• Plantar fasciitis is defined as which of the following?
• Active infection or febrile illness is an absolute contraindication to exercise because of cardiovascular strain risk. Which scenario fits this rule?
• What is the maximum Berg Balance Test score?
• Neer's test is used to assess what during shoulder elevation?
• In the management of a hip dislocation, which exercise precaution is advised?
• Which test is best suited to assess medial collateral ligament integrity?
• Protraction (abduction) in scapular movement refers to which action?
• What precaution is advised for liver disease patients during exercise regarding types of activity?
• Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are distinctive because they can secrete which hormones?
• Which cortex is associated with planning movements before execution?
• The James protocol is best described as which of the following tests?
• Which statement about short-acting insulin is true?
• Facet impingement results in restriction of motion in which directions?
• Carcinoid tumours are commonly found in which locations?
• Endothelial cells have which of the following critical roles in cardiovascular health?
• Which is a recommended exercise approach for hip osteoarthritis?
• Biceps tendon reflex tests which nerve roots?
• What does sustained ventricular tachycardia during a Symptom-Limited Test interfere with?
• In exercise considerations for diuretics, which statement is accurate?
• In knee osteoarthritis, which aerobic approach is recommended?
• Which of the following is the normal range for shoulder horizontal abduction?
• Which term best describes permanent shortening of a muscle or joint?
• What is the purpose of McMurray's test?
• What type of exercises should be avoided in osteoporosis?
• If anterior knee pain occurs during patella grind test, what pathology is most suggested?
• What apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) value per hour is considered normal?
• When exercising with GLP-1 receptor agonists, which consideration is recommended?
• Autonomic dysreflexia in SCI patients at or above T6 is typically triggered by which of the following?
• Which precaution is emphasized during exercise for multiple sclerosis?
• The normal range for knee extension is up to how many degrees?
• What is the purpose of Wright's test?
• What are exercise considerations for Levodopa?
• Claw hand deformity is commonly associated with injury to which nerve?
• Which GOLD stage corresponds to FEV1 50-79% predicted?
• What is a key exercise consideration for individuals with Type 1 diabetes?
• What is the primary purpose of the Purdue Pegboard Test?
• Dyslipidaemia often coexists with which metabolic condition?
• Before returning to contact sports with a stoma, which professional should you seek guidance from?
• What modifications may be necessary for clients with gastrostomy tubes during exercise?
• Previously undiagnosed atrial fibrillation presents an absolute risk. Which statement describes this?
• What is Levodopa used for?
• What amount of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate is recommended to treat hypoglycaemia?
• Lower crossed syndrome - posture. Which description best fits the typical posture?
• Cauda equina syndrome is defined as tumor compression of nerve roots at or below which level?
• Which statement best describes the CF exercise prescription?
• What is a key exercise consideration for Lewy body dementia?
• During the biceps tension test, the presence of anterior shoulder pain suggests involvement of which structure?
• Which of the following are exercise-related red flags in individuals exposed to anthracyclines?
• What is the primary effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?
• Which antihypertensive combination is recommended post-myocardial infarction or in heart failure?
• Mane indicates dosing at what time?
• Which test assesses the dynamic medial longitudinal arch collapse of the foot?
• To minimize joint loading, how should an obese individual begin an exercise program?
• The patella grind test is primarily used to assess what?
• Which finding is characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion but not typical of a lower motor neuron lesion?
• What are exercise considerations for rheumatoid arthritis?
• Which muscles are commonly tight in upper crossed syndrome?
• What finding on a varus stress test indicates LCL injury?
• What is an absolute contraindication for exercise in SCI patients?
• What is a key exercise consideration for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• What is rheumatoid arthritis?
• What is a common use of metformin in PCOS beyond glucose control?
• Blood glucose changes during cancer treatment are most likely to be:
• In the supine position after exercise, what happens to stroke volume and cardiac load?
• What are Ozempic (Semaglutide) and Saxenda (Liraglutide) primarily used for?
• Which cancer stage is described by extensive nodal involvement or locally advanced tumour?
• Which statement explains why acute aortic dissection is an absolute contraindication?
• What best describes osteoblastic lesions in bone metastases?
• Which nerve supplies the triceps and wrist extensors, enabling elbow and wrist extension, with sensory distribution over the posterior arm and hand?
• What is the typical effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on resting and exercise blood pressure with respect to heart rate response?
• What does ST elevation >1 mm during a Symptom-Limited Test indicate?
• Higher scores on the FMA-UE indicate what?
• Which statement correctly differentiates form closure from force closure?
• What is spastic cerebral palsy?
• What BP range defines hypertension stage 1 (mild)?
• Which sign is characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion?
• What are common side effects of digitalis/digoxin?
• What is a recommended exercise consideration for patients on alpha-1 blockers?
• Which modification is commonly required for lower limb training when foot deformities are present in CMT?
• Grapefruit has what effect on certain statins?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist extension?
• Which item is NOT an absolute cancer-specific contraindication for exercise?
• In Hand Dynamometry, how long should a maximal squeeze be held during a trial?
• Grade III ligament injury involves severe pain and near complete loss of function, with recovery in which period?
• Which statement best describes pelvic anterior tilt?
• Which finding during the Phalen's test indicates carpal tunnel syndrome?
• Which condition is a contraindication to rheumatoid arthritis exercise?
• Which statement best describes an exaggerated hypertensive response during a Symptom-Limited Test?
• Inspiratory reserve volume is defined as?
• Which nerve innervates interossei and intrinsic hand muscles, enabling finger abduction and adduction, with sensation to little finger and medial half of the ring finger?
• What is the normal range for shoulder flexion?
• Are the contraindications for symptom-limited exercise testing the same as those for maximal exercise testing?
• What are common subtypes of testicular germ cell tumours?
• Palpitations are best defined as:
• Primary effects of CNS lesions typically include which impairments?
• What is the recommended initial weight loss target for obesity?
• Beta blockers used for exercise may impair which regulatory process?
• Which statement best describes the symptoms of SVC syndrome?
• Which of the following describes neuroglycopaenic symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
• Which statement best describes how beta blockers help in angina?
• Which end-feel is yielding resistance due to muscle approximation or swelling?
• What best defines central adiposity?
• What is a relative contraindication for exercise in spinal cord injury patients?
• The myotome that includes neck flexion and extension involves which vertebral levels?
• Which description best characterizes chest pain of ischaemic origin?
• In the FADIR test, anterior groin pain suggests which condition?
• Which of the following is an example of an opioid used for moderate to severe pain?
• Which of the following best describes the PCOS exercise prescription?
• Which HDL criterion defines low HDL in metabolic syndrome?
• A positive anterior drawer test is most likely in which injury pattern?
• Which statement best describes a relative contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Which of the following describes long-term sensory-motor impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
• Which muscles should be targeted for strengthening in patellofemoral pain syndrome?
• Spurling test purpose?
• Which statement describes the Apley compression test protocol?
• Which condition is a contraindication for lumbar extension exercises?
• In the TNM classification, which letter denotes regional lymph node involvement?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to post-MI exercise?
• What HbA1c value is diagnostic of diabetes?
• Which statement is true about medical clearance for atherosclerosis exercise?
• Which statement describes the protocol for the 9-Hole Peg Test?
• What should be routinely assessed in shoulder assessment?
• Ely test purpose?
• Which muscle is the primary hip extensor?
• Which of the following is least likely to contribute to shoulder impingement?
• Which muscles are the primary elevators of the scapula, with assistance from rhomboids?
• Which activity should be avoided due to high intra-abdominal pressure risk in peritoneal dialysis exercise?
• What is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
• What systems contribute to balance?
• Sternal instability that is classified as grade 1-2 or grade 3 sternum requires what kind of activity?
• Damage to higher association cortical areas can selectively affect which domain?
• In peritoneal dialysis exercise precautions, when is it appropriate to exercise with an empty abdomen?
• What are antiplatelet exercise considerations for stroke?
• What should be monitored alongside heart rate and blood pressure in PD exercise?
• What does pain or weakness during the empty can test indicate?
• What is the primary purpose of the Stork test?
• What is the purpose of the full can test?
• In Tinel's sign interpretation, distal tingling along nerve distribution suggests what?
• Which test uses inversion and eversion of the calcaneus with the tibia stabilized?
• Which lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid cancers with variable aggressiveness and unpredictable spread?
• The Godfrey protocol uses specific workload increments based on height. Which statement accurately states these increments per minute?
• For MND progression, which approach is appropriate?
• Germ cell tumours are tumours arising from which cells, commonly located where?
• Which muscles assist shoulder extension in addition to the primary movers?
• Which statement best describes exercise guidance for patients with mood disorders?
• Stroke precautions include which action?
• Which is a correct SMA exercise recommendation?
• Which statement best describes the effect of cancer treatment on exercise tolerance?
• In the Van der Wurff cluster, which maneuver is included?
• Gabapentin and Pregabalin belong to which drug class?
• How are section-specific BESTest scores used?
• Which statement about the tennis elbow test protocol is true?
• In patellofemoral pain syndrome, what knee flexion range is recommended to limit OKC/CKC exercises?
• How do ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure?
• Carcinoid tumours are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and which other organ?
• What is recorded during the Step Tap Test?
• What are key exercise considerations for individuals with NAFLD?
• Which disease's exercise recommendations include aerobic and resistance training as part of the plan?
• In CIPN, fall risk assessment is important because:
• Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA) are used to provide rapid relief lasting how long?
• Which disease commonly includes balance and cueing strategies as beneficial components of exercise?
• Isometric trunk extensor endurance test protocol?
• What is the significance of a known heart murmur?
• How do β-blockers and diuretics affect exercise safety in hypertension?
• Which neurological symptoms may indicate a transient ischaemic attack in cardiovascular disease?
• Sympathetic nerves of the cardiovascular system primarily act to
• Which muscles assist hip extension besides the primary extensors?
• Which nerve provides the thenar muscles and finger flexors, enabling thumb opposition and finger flexion, with sensation to the palmar surfaces of the thumb, index, middle, and half of the ring finger?
• For cerebral palsy patients, what is a key safety measure in exercise?
• Which statement about cardiotoxicity risk in cancer treatment is accurate?
• What is recorded in the 9-Hole Peg Test protocol?
• Which statement best describes the M checkpoint?
• Which of the following is a potential effect of a frontal lobe stroke?
• Which of the following describes long-term emotional and psychosocial impairments after TBI?
• Cancer cachexia is characterized by loss of both skeletal muscle and what other tissue mass?
• What can cause a facet joint sprain?
• Osteoarthritis is best described as which of the following?
• Which structure provides stability against eversion of the ankle?
• Which combination of muscles is primarily responsible for ankle plantarflexion?
• What is a CMT red flag regarding heavy resistance exercise?
• Which pattern is characterized by reductions in both FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio due to airflow limitation?
• What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
• Which BMI range corresponds to obesity class I?
• Who should discontinue exercise and seek medical evaluation before resuming?
• Elbow extension is performed by which muscle group?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist adduction (ulnar deviation)?
• What term describes the resolution of penumbra, edema, and diaschisis leading to recovery of function?
• What should be considered in exercise for patients post-TBI?
• If multiple clinicians assess the same patients with the same test, this scenario assesses which reliability?
• What is the purpose of antiplatelet medications after a myocardial infarction (MI)?
• ALS is best described as?
• What is an absolute red flag for exercise with a stoma?
• Which statement best describes exercise considerations for dyslipidaemia?
• Which lymphoma typically shows a predictable pattern of lymph node spread?
• Which arrhythmias are relative indications for stopping a maximal exercise test?
• What does clicking or joint line pain during McMurray's test suggest?
• Which describes the protocol for the Talar tilt test?
• What is a CMT red flag regarding high-impact exercise?
• What is the primary action of beta blockers?
• Specificity in testing refers to which capability?
• What should be avoided in CMT patients due to balance impairments?
• What does localized back pain without leg radiation during Kemp's test suggest?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an exercise consideration for MS?
• Fasting blood glucose - diabetes range?
• Which muscles are involved in internal rotation of the hip?
• Which test differentiates iliopsoas and rectus femoris tightness contributing to anterior pelvic tilt?
• Which of the following is a limitation of the James protocol?
• Why is unexplained resting bradycardia a concern when assessing readiness to exercise?
• Which parameter is particularly important to monitor during exercise for CMT patients to ensure safety?
• Which of the following describes long-term communication impairments after TBI?
• What do antiplatelets do?
• What is the correct positioning for the FADIR test?
• For patients on statins who exercise, which monitoring focus is recommended?
• Which statement best describes MMT 2/5?
• For Alzheimer's disease, the recommended frequency is
• What is medial epicondylopathy (golfer's elbow)?
• What is cystic fibrosis?
• In cystic fibrosis, mutations in the CFTR gene lead to which change in airway secretions?
• Osteosarcoma is best described as which?
• In Spurling test interpretation, which finding suggests cervical nerve root compression?
• The 2-hour OGTT diabetes threshold is which of the following?
• What precaution should be taken for stoma care before exercising?
• Stage 5 protocol: what is the key action?
• Which exercise approach is recommended for emphysema?
• Which cardiac condition commonly causes syncope related to reduced cardiac output?
• What is the treatment approach for pre-menopausal breast cancer (stages I-IIIA)?
• After pain subsides in PCL sprain rehabilitation, what is progressed next?
• Foot drop is defined as what?
• Which statement accurately describes the straight leg raise protocol?
• What is the recommended exercise frequency for COPD?
• Which muscles contribute to hip adduction?
• Which statement best describes MMT 1/5?
• Which description corresponds to downward rotation of the scapula?
• What is the typical effect of statins on exercise responses?
• Which of the following is part of the exercise recommendations for Lewy body dementia?
• On the Tardieu scale, what characterizes grade 0?
• Shoulder horizontal adduction is mainly performed by which muscles?
• Which element is included in the Hand Dynamometry protocol?
• Which Thessaly test result is most indicative of a meniscal tear?
• Which GMFCS level is described as 'Walks with hand-held device, uses wheelchair for long distances'?
• Facet impingement restricts motion in all of the following directions EXCEPT
• Which of the following is a first generation sulfonylurea?
• Which practice should be avoided during pulmonary hypertension exercise?
• 90 90 straight leg raise test purpose is to assess:
• What are early symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity?
• The tibial nerve provides motor innervation to which of the following muscle groups?
• Which BMI range defines obesity class III?
• Which muscles contribute to shoulder external rotation?
• What ST-segment change is a relative indication to stop exercise testing?
• The Glasgow Coma Scale is composed of which three response categories?
• GMFCS Level II is described as which description?
• Which test is used to elicit a click or joint line pain indicating meniscal pathology?
• What are exercise considerations for schizophrenia?
• What conditions should exercise be avoided during in PD?
• The Godfrey protocol uses which type of exercise equipment?
• Which statement correctly describes how the MAS is used in clinical practice?
• Where is the defect in spondylolysis located?
• Which rehabilitation principle focuses on adapting to the individual patient?
• Navicular drop test purpose?
• What are considerations for PCSK9 inhibitors?
• During Wright's test, what does pulse diminution with neurological symptoms suggest?
• Why is unexplained resting tachycardia a concern when evaluating exercise readiness?
• Which time range is recommended for aerobic exercise bouts during cancer treatment?
• Which test assesses shoulder mobility across flexion, extension, abduction and rotation?
• What ST-segment change constitutes an absolute indication to stop a maximal exercise test?
• What monitoring approach is advised for clients on beta blockers during exercise?
• The stork standing test is used primarily to screen for which condition?
• Which statement correctly describes the Purdue Pegboard Test protocol?
• Which of the following is a red flag during exercise for Parkinson's disease?
• Third-degree AV block without pacing is an absolute contraindication. Which option states this?
• Prone straight leg raise test protocol involves:
• Which statement best describes a relative contraindication for exercise related to blood pressure?
• Gliomas are tumours derived from which cell type?
• What describes the wall push up test protocol?
• In the prone straight leg raise protocol, the leg is lifted to approximately how many centimeters?
• What precaution should be taken after mastectomy?
• What practice should be avoided to prevent exacerbation of muscle loss in CMT?
• Which shoulder motion has a normal range of 0-90°?
• Which test focuses on maintaining neutral spine during progressive lower limb movements?
• Deep tendon reflex testing is used to assess what?
• Which chest pain feature suggests a non-ischemic origin?
• Which statement about the peak times of long-acting and ultra-long-acting insulins is true?
• How many functional tasks are included in the Berg Balance Test protocol?
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease exercise recommendations?
• What is ultra-long-acting insulin used for?
• What are examples of nitrates?
• What is the purpose of the Tinel's sign?
• In the 90-90 straight leg raise test, what finding indicates hamstring tightness?
• Forearm pronation is produced by which muscles?
• Two conditions that carry a high risk of exercise-related sudden cardiac death when a murmur is present are:
• Stage 3 protocol: which action is described?
• What should be done to manage fatigue in myasthenia gravis patients?
• What should be avoided to prevent injury in CMT patients?
• Neuroendocrine tumours originate from which cells?
• What is the normal range of hip extension?
• Which of the following is a symptom of malignant pericardial effusion?
• In the Thomas test protocol, where should the patient be positioned?
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is ABI caused by external mechanisms such as head impact, violent head movement, falls, motor vehicle accidents, or sports injuries.
• What type of cancer is myeloma and where does it arise?
• What monitoring is recommended around exercise?
• Which statement correctly describes Alzheimer's disease?
• The prefrontal cortex in movement control provides what?
• Which symptom constitutes a red flag during dialysis-based exercise?
• Which statement best describes the premotor cortex?
• What should be avoided in patients with osteolytic lesions?
• What does a positive tennis elbow test indicate?
• What blood pressure response is a relative indication to stop exercise testing?
• Which of the following is NOT a recommended exercise consideration for COPD?
• What are exercise considerations for MG?
• Grade I ligament injury can be described as:
• New onset atrial fibrillation with unknown duration is an absolute contraindication to exercise. Which option reflects this?
• Tinel's sign is used to detect irritation or regeneration of which tissue?
• Which statins are most affected by grapefruit?
• What is the normal WBC count?
• Ely test interpretation: hip flexion or pelvic lifting during knee flexion indicates which tightness?
• What is a gold standard in testing?
• What is a contraindication for stress testing in clients with CHF?
• Which measure is part of asthma exercise precautions regarding symptoms?
• Which grade describes near complete loss of function and the longest recovery period among the defined grades?
• Why is recent syncope considered a red flag?
• Absence of plantarflexion during the Thompson test indicates?
• What does PRN indicate in medication instructions?
• Which muscle group is the primary knee extensor?
• What are opioids used for?
• What is the standard management for febrile neutropenic fever?
• Which of the following is a sign or symptom suggestive of cardiovascular disease?
• WBC counts are reported in which unit?
• C1-C2 myotome controls which movements?
• Excessive foot supination is characterized by which movements?
• Which statement correctly lists the muscles comprising the quadriceps femoris group?
• Why is symptomatic severe aortic stenosis an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• What is the minimum recommended weekly amount of aerobic activity for adults?
• Which describes the Spurling test protocol?
• What are exercise considerations for Warfarin?
• Which of the following is NOT an SSRI?
• What is collateral sprouting?
• Primary lateral sclerosis is characterized by?
• What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• In emphysema, diffusion capacity is impaired due to what structural change?
• Which situation is an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Which condition constitutes an absolute contraindication because it precludes safe testing?
• What is the normal range of hip lateral rotation?
• Which blood pressure category uses a systolic threshold of 160 mmHg?
• Which symptom would indicate advanced PAD rather than simple claudication?
• When can cardiac damage from anthracycline exposure present?
• Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to exercise in pulmonary hypertension?
• The Mini-BESTest protocol includes how many standardized tasks and how are they scored per item?
• Which scenario represents the most appropriate approach to exercise in a patient with a non-symptomatic moderate aortic stenosis?
• Which disease has exercise recommendations including 20 to 40 minutes and supervised balance and mobility training?
• What is a potential long-term consequence of untreated rheumatoid arthritis?
• If a patient has recently had an embolic event, what is the recommended approach to exercise?
• What is niacin?
• What is axillary web syndrome?
• Which blood pressure range is labeled high normal (elevated)?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between waist circumference and metabolic syndrome thresholds?
• Which population requires caution with diuretics?
• For a patient on dobutamine therapy, the exercise approach should be:
• Why is moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain symptom relationship considered a relative contraindication?
• What does reflex grade 2 indicate?
• In diabetes, neuropathy may affect heart rate responses during exercise testing. What is a potential consequence for interpreting the test results?
• What does ezetimibe do?
• Dynamic knee valgus is characterized by which movement pattern?
• Which term indicates dosing in the morning?
• Which set of muscles contributes to internal rotation of the shoulder?
• Normal cervical spine extension is up to how many degrees?
• Which statement describes T3 in TNM staging?
• Which condition features air trapping and hyperinflation due to loss of elastic recoil?
• Which administration route is used for Ozempic and Saxenda?
• Which of the following should be avoided during 'off' medication periods in Parkinson's disease?
• What type of cancer is melanoma and where does it arise?
• Which movements are restricted when a facet is stuck in extension?
• Which muscles assist shoulder flexion in addition to the primary movers?
• Which disease has exercise recommendations including 20 to 40 minutes and supervised balance and mobility training?
• Why must hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis be excluded in individuals with a murmur?
• In the supine recovery after exercise, which statement best describes venous return?
• For managing NAFLD, which lifestyle approach is recommended?
• ALS is best described as?
• What is the primary mechanism of action of first-generation antipsychotics?
• In TNM staging, what does M0 signify?
• What is motor neurone disease (MND)?
• A 2-hour OGTT value of 0.95 mmol/L would be categorized as which risk level for HDL?
• What is the primary effect of SABAs?
• Spondylolisthesis describes what movement?
• What is the recommended aerobic frequency for stroke exercise?
• Ischemic core refers to which of the following?
• Scapular winging is most associated with dysfunction of which nerve or muscle?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 indicates which condition?
• The weekly minimum recommended exercise duration for Type 2 diabetes is which of the following?
• Which statement correctly describes triglycerides?
• Which of the following is NOT an absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
• Which cancer type is defined as a malignant tumor of connective and supporting tissues such as bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, and blood vessels?
• What are common non-cardiac causes of unilateral or generalized oedema?
• In osteoporosis programs, what is emphasized to reduce fall risk?
• What does an individual's request to stop during a Symptom-Limited Test indicate?
• What does anterior groin pain during the FADIR test suggest?
• In the empty can test, which plane is used for arm elevation?
• Pramlintide, an amylin analogue, slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, and promotes satiety.
• What is a key screening question for anthracycline exposure?
• Which nerve innervates the biceps and brachialis and provides elbow flexion and sensation over the lateral forearm?
• Secondary hypertension is often caused by which condition?
• What is the maximum total score for the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity?
• Which nerve roots are tested by elbow extension response when evaluating the triceps tendon reflex?
• How do prior exercise and glycaemic control affect hypoglycaemia risk?
• How is the AC compression test performed?
• During the FABER protocol, which structure is stabilized?
• Lesions in visual processing areas may lead to which functional deficit?
• What is the purpose of the painful arc test?
• A stroke in the temporal lobe commonly produces which deficits?
• What characterizes dyslipidaemia?
• Which diagnostic test is primarily used to diagnose peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
• What is the normal range for triglycerides?
• Normal ANC range?
• Which muscles rotate the scapula downward?
• Which description corresponds to upward rotation of the scapula?
• Which factor should be monitored to detect complications after osteoporosis surgery?
• In rehabilitation, Trendelenburg gait indicates the need to assess which aspects?
• Which statement best describes stenotic versus incompetent heart valves?
• What precaution is recommended when exercising with arrhythmias?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for ITB syndrome?
• What is a facet joint sprain?
• Which level of angina during an exercise test constitutes an absolute indication to terminate the test?
• Which of the following is a calcium channel blocker?
• What does a positive Hawkins Kennedy test indicate?
• Which muscles are the primary depressors of the scapula, with assistance from latissimus dorsi?
• Which statement accurately describes GMFCS Level V?
• What is the mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors?
• What should be avoided post-stroke to reduce cardiovascular risk?
• Which nerve supplies the hamstrings and all muscles below the knee via its branches, enabling hip extension and knee flexion?
• Which combination of movements characterizes excessive foot pronation?
• ACE inhibitors are abbreviated as what suffix?
• Which measure is used to guide exercise intensity when heart rate is unreliable?
• Which type of ankle sprain is associated with severe pain and marked instability?
• What does a systolic BP drop ≥10 mmHg without ischemia during a Symptom-Limited Test indicate?
• When beta blockers are used, which monitoring method is preferred during obesity-related exercise?
• What are common triggers of autonomic dysreflexia?
• The normal range for hip flexion is up to how many degrees?
• Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is an absolute contraindication to exercise. Which scenario is correct?
• The G2 phase is best described as?
• Which statement reflects exercise emphasis for Parkinson's disease?
• Formal exercise programs can reduce the death rate in heart attack patients by what percentage?
• Which statement best describes the protocol for deep tendon reflex testing?
• Grade II ligament injury typically recovers in which time frame?
• During Ober's test, what does a greater drop with the knee flexed indicate?
• Mixed cerebral palsy results from injury to which two neural systems?
• Which statement correctly contrasts stenotic and incompetent valves?
• Silent myocardial ischemia is defined as?
• What does the Box and Block Test assess?
• What is the primary cardiac condition associated with anthracyclines?
• Which screening is emphasized as part of exercise considerations for Type 2 diabetes?
• Which of the following is a consideration when designing exercise programs for post-stroke patients?
• During Sahrmann test stage 4, which describes the movement?
• Which statement describes asthma exercise red flags?
• In the Tardieu assessment, which velocity is described as slow?
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement best describes the typical long-term cognitive impairments after TBI?
• In hand dynamometry interpretation, a difference greater than 10-15% between hands suggests what?
• What should be monitored when exercising on nitrates?
• T1 myotome tests which finger movements?
• Isolated systolic hypertension is defined by
• Which disease's recommendations include Type: strengthening and balance?
• For meniscal injuries, what should be emphasized in early rehab?
• For rehabilitation after a posterior approach total hip replacement, which guideline is correct?
• Scapular anterior tilt is driven primarily by which muscles?
• What are exercise considerations post-surgery?
• Which situation would most strongly justify stopping a symptom-limited exercise test due to safety concerns?
• Which test is performed with the patient prone to assess rectus femoris length?
• Which of the following is NOT a diuretic?
• Which statement about systemic corticosteroids in asthma management is true?
• Venlafaxine belongs to which drug class?
• What is typically recorded from Hand Dynamometry measurements?
• What remains essential when planning exercise for TBI patients?
• Which exercise precaution is recommended for clients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy?
• What are anticholinergics used for?
• Lower crossed syndrome - tight muscles. Which muscles commonly demonstrate adaptive shortening in lower crossed syndrome?
• In the anterior drawer test, the ankle is placed in what position during the test?
• Which statement about calcium channel blockers is true?
• What do bile acid sequestrants do?
• Which muscles are the primary retractors of the scapula?
• What should be done before participating in contact sports with a stoma?
• For tight muscles and joints in MS, what type of stretching may be needed?
• What is a notable exercise consideration for Parkinson's disease?
• GOLD 1 COPD corresponds to which FEV1 range?
• Within the metabolic syndrome criteria, what waist circumference thresholds are used for males and females?
• HRR after exercise is a prognostic marker; which statement is correct?
• What is the correct exercise type for hypertension guidelines?
• Which statement describes MMT 3/5?
• What does reflex grade 3 indicate?
• How does ECG lead involvement affect risk stratification?
• What does unusual fatigue or shortness of breath during usual activities suggest?
• Which statement best describes a precaution during stretching?
• What should be done if a client with CF experiences acute bronchospasm during exercise?
• Which statement describes the Uhthoff phenomenon in multiple sclerosis?
• What does the golfer's elbow test assess?
• Which statement best describes SNRI exercise safety?
• What are cell cycle phase-specific chemotherapy drugs?
• What does qd mean in medication frequency?
• Which dysfunction does weakness or pain during the full can test most likely indicate?
• Leukaemia is cancer of which tissues?
• Which region provides cognitive control for goal-directed movement?
• Which symptom would indicate potential deterioration in heart failure during exertion?
• What is the primary effect of biguanides?
• Interpreting the Van der Wurff cluster, what does the presence of multiple positive findings imply?
• What are the typical exercise recommendations during cancer treatment?
• Which disease commonly presents heat sensitivity during exercise and benefits from cooling strategies?
• What is the purpose of the AC compression test?
• In Neer's test, which structure is stabilized to prevent upward rotation?
• What is the recommended time per session for stroke exercise?
• What does marked ST displacement during a Symptom-Limited Test suggest?
• In a patient with fluid overload evidenced by rapid weight gain, how should exercise be approached?
• Which muscles are the primary trunk flexors, aided by the obliques?
• Which of the following training types are included in stroke exercise recommendations?
• Which rehabilitation focus is emphasized for Trendelenburg gait?
• What distinguishes STEMI from NSTEMI?
• What is the purpose of the Trendelenburg sign test?
• Which statement best characterizes MMT 0/5?
• Which statement best describes exercise frequency for hypertension?
• What precautions should be taken with PICC lines during exercise?
• Which features characterize a hemiparetic gait after a stroke?
• Which deficits characterize speech and communication problems after a stroke?
• Which statement about the primary motor cortex is accurate?
• Why must individuals taking β-blockers or diuretics be monitored for heat intolerance and hypoglycaemia?
• A 2-hour OGTT value of 11.2 mmol/L falls into which category?
• Which of the following describes long-term behavioral impairments after TBI?
• Collateral sprouting describes which process?
• During a symptom-limited exercise test, if a patient experiences moderate-to-severe angina early in the protocol, what is the recommended action?
• What is the primary objective of exercise therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?
• Which of the following is an example of a first-generation antipsychotic?
• In MAS interpretation, what does a higher score indicate?
• What waist circumference threshold in males indicates increased metabolic risk?
• Which of the following is a symptom of SVC syndrome?
• During maximal testing, which finding would most strongly indicate cerebrovascular compromise requiring urgent medical evaluation?
• During resistance testing for diabetics, which precaution is advisable?
• Which is a special consideration for SABAs?
• Systolic blood pressure is the peak arterial BP attained during ventricular contraction.
• Which condition is an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Which component is used to support the body during the isometric lateral flexor endurance test?
• Which statement is true about orthopnoea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists are exemplified by Exenatide and Dulaglutide.
• Which medication is a beta-blocker?
• Resting bradycardia requiring clearance prior to exercise is best described by which statement?
• When prescribing calcium channel blockers for exercise, which approach is recommended?
• Stage IV cancer is characterized by which of the following?
• What is the recommended limit for continuous aerobic exercise in CMT patients?
• Acquired brain injury (ABI) is best defined as brain injury occurring after birth, excluding genetic and degenerative diseases.
• Which statement best describes diuretics?
• Which statement best describes MMT 5/5?
• Which value best represents the normal ankle dorsiflexion range?
• On the Tardieu scale, what describes grade 1?
• Which statement best describes a common feature of both isometric trunk extensor and flexor endurance tests?
• Which situation does not require medical clearance before starting an exercise program for obesity?
• Which practice should be avoided in pulmonary hypertension during exercise?
• What is the normal range for shoulder abduction?
• Why should complex movement exercises be avoided post-stroke?
• Beta blockers may blunt exercise-induced changes in which metabolic parameter?
• Which of the following is a neuroglycopaenic symptom?
• Which checkpoint is designated to verify proper attachment of sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle, typically considered the final checkpoint before cell division proceeds?
• Which statement describes an indication for lumbar extension exercises?
• Which of the following is a recommended practice to prevent overheating during MS exercise?
• How can neuropathy affect exercise testing in diabetes?
• Which red-flag symptom requires medical discussion before exercise participation?
• What is the purpose of the drop arm test?
• Which mechanism describes the action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
• What should be monitored when exercising on antiplatelets?
• Downward rotation in scapular movement is described as which of the following?
• Why is ongoing unstable angina an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Which precaution is recommended in COPD exercise?
• What are the exercise recommendations for hypertension?
• What is an indication for stretching?
• Which strategy is recommended to support cognitive deficits in MS during exercise?
• Fasting blood glucose - impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes) range?
• What is the recommended approach to exercise progression for patients on first-generation antipsychotics?
• What best defines visceral fat?
• What is the LDL cholesterol target for patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes?
• Bupropion is an example of which drug class?
• How do nitrates work in angina management?
• Which statement describes the role of SABAs in asthma management?
• What are biguanides?
• Which symptoms may indicate possible heart failure in a patient with chemotherapy exposure?
• Pelvic posterior tilt is produced by which muscle groups?
• Which statement about waist circumference thresholds for metabolic syndrome is true?
• In Trendelenburg test interpretation, which finding indicates compensatory weakness?
• Dyskinetic cerebral palsy accounts for what percentage of CP cases?
• Which description best represents ischaemic chest pain radiation?
• Elbow flexion is primarily performed by which muscles, with assistance from which?
• In the Windlass test interpretation, which finding indicates plantar fascia pathology?
• Which statement best describes the coupling of rotation and side bending with flexion/extension in facet dysfunction?
• What percentage weight loss is typically observed with higher-dose GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic and Saxenda?
• Which precaution is advised for post-MI exercise?
• What is a potential exercise-related risk when GLP-1 receptor agonists are used with a sulfonylurea?
• Which disease's exercise considerations emphasize maintaining oxygen saturation and airway clearance?
• ARB therapy is particularly used when ACE inhibitors are not tolerated.
• The parietal lobe in movement is best described as?
• Which description best matches the Kemp's test protocol?
• During post-MI exercise, which practice helps ensure safety?
• Which of the following is a symptom of SVC syndrome?
• NAFLD hepatocyte findings: which is true?
• In valvular heart disease, exercise is contraindicated when there is severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Which option captures this?
• The pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes is?
• Which test interpretation describes SI hypomobility when sacral movement is absent or delayed?
• What type of cancer is lymphoma and where does it arise?
• Which of the following is an example of an NSAID?
• Which rehabilitation principle emphasizes adjusting training intensity to optimize outcomes without harm?
• For stoma care, which precaution is recommended during the early recovery period to protect the stoma during physical activity?
• Which fasting glucose threshold is used for the metabolic syndrome criterion?
• Which of the following is a symptom of malignant pericardial effusion?
• Who is recommended to have medical evaluation before beginning any exercise intensity?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale score between 13 and 14 indicates what?
• Adenocarcinoma is defined as which of the following?
• Hypoglycaemia unawareness is defined as which of the following?
• For a patient undergoing dobutamine therapy (inotropic support), how should an exercise program be approached?
• The Achilles tendon reflex tests nerve roots at which level?
• What do triglycerides represent in the bloodstream?
• In facet positional dysfunction, how are rotation and side bending affected?
• Which symptom during exercise would be a red flag for arrhythmias?
• What is the primary purpose of the varus stress test?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes FEV1 from VC?
• For patellar tendinopathy, what is the recommended approach?
• In FABER test interpretation, what does groin pain versus posterior pelvic pain indicate?
• Which of the following is a drug-related cause of bradycardia?
• What is a general exercise consideration for CP patients?
• Post-surgery rehabilitation—what factor is essential to monitor?
• Anginal chest pain may radiate to which areas?
• Which condition is an absolute contraindication to starting an exercise program due to risk of inflammatory cardiac injury?
• The biceps tendon reflex involves which spinal nerve roots?
• What best describes the pathophysiology of cancer during chemotherapy or radiotherapy?
• Which test is performed when the patient does slow push ups against a wall?
• What do nitrates do in angina management?
• What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
• What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists work by which actions?
• Which BMI category represents overweight?
• What MoCA score is considered normal cognitive function?
• What measurement is recorded during the isometric trunk extensor endurance test?
• Which scenario would prompt medical clearance before performing a symptom-limited exercise test?
• Which statement best describes the Trendelenburg test protocol?
• Which GOLD stage corresponds to FEV1 <30% predicted?
• Which statement describes late symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity?
• Secondary hypertension results from renal, endocrine, or vascular disorders.
• Which nerve innervates the quadriceps and the iliopsoas, enabling knee extension and hip flexion?
• Lower crossed syndrome - weak muscles. Which muscles are commonly weak?
• Which of the following describes the empty can test protocol?
• What is the purpose of the Standing Flexion Test?
• What does Tinel's sign protocol involve?
• What HbA1c range indicates prediabetes?
• Which statement best describes the diagnostic criteria for febrile neutropenic fever?
• Which BMI category is associated with very high risk of chronic disease and mortality?
• Which arrhythmia is considered a relative indication to stop because it may become hemodynamically significant?
• What distinguishes Hodgkin lymphoma?
• Which muscle is the primary hip flexor?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist abduction (radial deviation)?
• After a total hip replacement with a posterior approach, which guideline should be followed during early rehab?
• A syndesmosis sprain is an injury to which ligaments?
• In Sahrmann test stage 2, what spinal alignment must be maintained?
• Which endocrine change is listed as a cause of tachycardia?
• Shoulder adduction relies on which muscle group?
• What does medial elbow pain during the golfer's elbow test suggest?
• If a drug ends with -pril, what class does it most likely belong to?
• FABER / Patrick's test purpose?
• Which statement describes T4 in TNM staging?
• Which condition is a contraindication to initiating exercise in obesity management?
• Grade III muscle strain?
• What is the primary purpose of the Hawkins Kennedy test?
• What is the best time of day for exercise in myasthenia gravis patients?
• What is the normal range of motion for forearm pronation?
• Which test specifically evaluates posterior chain activation sequencing?
• Amylin analogues mimic the hormone amylin and have which effects?
• Medical clearance for exercise in atherosclerosis is required under which condition?
• Fatigue and other symptoms during a Symptom-Limited Test signal what?
• Which of the following is a common contributing factor to dynamic knee valgus?
• GMFCS Level V is described as which?
• Which statement best describes niacin's effect on lipids?
• Describe the Hawkins Kennedy test protocol.
• Regarding functional residual capacity, which statement is true?
• What is the recommended exercise intensity for COPD?
• Grade I ligament injury is characterized by mild pain and minimal functional loss and typically recovers in how long?
• Anthracyclines are described as having cardiotoxic effects that are dose-dependent and may lead to irreversible cardiomyopathy. Which statement best reflects this?
• During the Thomas test interpretation, if the extended leg lifts off the table, what does this indicate?
• Which eGFR value indicates normal kidney function?
• Among ovarian germ cell tumours, which is a recognized subtype?
• What is the primary action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
• The Godfrey protocol is best described as which of the following tests?
• What is the normal range for shoulder extension?
• What describes an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Grade I lateral ankle sprain involves what damage?
• Which combination describes wrist flexion?
• Malignant pericardial effusion involves fluid accumulation in which space?
• Grade III lateral ankle sprain results in what?
• Which feature indicates exercise-induced asthma is not adequately controlled?
• What is the normal range for cervical spine lateral flexion (ear to shoulder)?
• Which insulin type provides basal coverage for more than 42 hours?
• Which arrhythmias are absolute indications to terminate a maximal exercise test?
• Which blood pressure threshold is commonly used to define hypertension in adults?
• Which is a functional consequence of upper crossed syndrome?
• Depression in scapular movement is best described as which?
• Trendelenburg sign interpretation: what does a pelvic drop on the unsupported side indicate?
• What should be monitored during exercise to prevent heat stress in SCI patients?
• Upper crossed syndrome overview
• Lower crossed syndrome - postural features. Which features define this pattern?
• What is the normal ROM for lumbar spine lateral flexion?
• What is the peak time for long-acting insulin?
• Why is immediate hospital admission and IV antibiotics recommended for febrile neutropenia?
• Which condition is a contraindication to exercise for peritoneal dialysis patients?
• Which head posture is commonly associated with upper crossed syndrome?
• What is blood pressure?
• Sahrmann core stability test purpose?
• The apprehension test is used to assess which aspect of the shoulder?
• FABER test protocol: which movements are performed on the test leg?
• Normal cervical spine rotation range has an upper limit of how many degrees?
• Aortic valve stenosis is described as:
• Which class provides cardiovascular risk reduction in addition to lowering blood glucose?
• Which test is used to evaluate thoracic outlet syndrome?
• In MI diagnosis, which ECG finding may support the diagnosis besides troponin elevation?
• Which sequence best describes the key steps of the slump test?
• Which movement is tested by the L3 myotome?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
• Sustained ventricular tachycardia during a Symptom-Limited Test is particularly concerning because it increases risk of which outcome?
• A medial ankle sprain involves which structure typically?
• What is the normal range for foot eversion?
• Which statement correctly describes interpretation of 9-Hole Peg Test times?
• What does AC mean in medication instructions?
• In the Apley compression test, which finding on testing interpretation?
• Which of the following is an SSRI?
• Spondylolisthesis describes which movement?
• In managing MND, which types of exercises should be avoided?
• Which of the following is NOT a part of shoulder impingement management?
• Which insulin type provides basal coverage for approximately 24 hours?
• What is the pathophysiology of cancer post-surgery?
• Approximately what percentage of strokes are haemorrhagic?
• Which statement about Alzheimer's disease is true?
• Which description correctly states the Wright's test protocol?
• Which statement best defines cancer cachexia?
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used to treat which condition?
• Which of the following is not one of the six sections of the BESTest?
• What is the pathophysiology of motor neuron disease?
• Which statement about LDL targets is accurate?
• What is a key consideration for systemic corticosteroids?
• What is orthopnoea?
• In patients taking beta-blockers, which method should be used to gauge exercise intensity rather than heart rate?
• Acquired advanced or complete heart block is classified as what in relation to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• The tennis elbow test is designed to assess pathology of which structure?
• Which statement accurately describes the relationship between ligament injury grade and recovery time when phrased in correct sequence?
• Which description best captures what the MoCA measures?
• Which statement best describes MMT 3/5?
• Which action is an example of a closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise?
• In shoulder impingement, which muscle is most commonly affected?
• Dysarthria arises from impairment in which domain?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to exercise for someone with asthma?
• Which finding on the stork standing test is most consistent with pars interarticularis stress injury?
• What overhead arm positioning should be avoided to reduce rotator cuff impingement risk?
• Which statement indicates an indication for lumbar flexion exercises?
• Which practice is recommended in COPD during exercise?
• Which type of exercise is to be avoided in patients with eating disorders, especially when underweight?
• Which movement does the L4 myotome test?
• What is the primary role of cell cycle checkpoints?
• In heart failure, a sudden 2 kg weight gain within 1-3 days is most consistent with fluid retention and suggests that exercise should be:
• Which set contributes to internal rotation with all listed muscles?
• Which of the following is a cystic fibrosis-specific exercise consideration?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of diabetic ketoacidosis?
• In clients with chronic heart failure, how can arrhythmias influence exercise?
• Retrolisthesis is defined as which movement?
• What defines a bony end-feel?
• Masked hypertension carries cardiovascular risk that is most similar to which of the following?
• Which statement defines residual volume (RV)?
• What should be avoided to prevent exacerbation of muscle loss in CMT patients?
• Which gait is characterized by a stooped posture, small shuffling steps, and reduced arm swing?
• Contracture is defined as which of the following?
• What should be monitored after exercise to prevent hypoglycaemia in people on insulin?
• Which is a contraindication to COPD exercise?
• Which sequence is correct for the stages of the electrical activity in the myocardium during depolarization and repolarization?
• What 2-hour OGTT value is considered normal?
• Mixed cerebral palsy is diagnosed when traits of which two CP forms are present?
• Stage 4 protocol: which description is accurate?
• Which of the following is a common side effect of niacin?
• NAFLD and cardiometabolic risk are related how?
• What can morning sessions in Alzheimer's disease help with?
• What are exercise recommendations for schizophrenia?
• Which of the following describes symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?
• Which statement correctly defines lower motor neurons?
• Which statement describes N2 in TNM staging?
• Endothelial dysfunction is caused by which imbalance?
• What apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) value defines severe sleep apnea?
• HDL is often referred to as 'good cholesterol' because it does what?
• Which BMI category has moderate risk of chronic disease?
• Which process occurs during the M phase?
• Why are anthracyclines considered a red flag in cancer care?
• What exercise considerations should be made with a stoma regarding hernia risk?
• In the apprehension test, what does apprehension or fear of dislocation indicate?
• Which statement best describes the protocol of the golfer's elbow test?
• Neutropenia is defined as an ANC count below which value?
• During the anterior drawer test, knee position is?
• Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypoglycaemia?
• HbA1c normal value?
• Which phenomenon describes symptom worsening with increased core temperature in multiple sclerosis?
• Fatigue in cancer care—what statement is supported by the material?
• Regarding thoracic spine forward flexion, which statement correctly describes how to assess it?
• The Achilles reflex corresponds to which nerve roots?
• In cancer staging, which term indicates distant metastasis is present?
• What are Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)?
• During exercise for patients on SGLT2 inhibitors, what is a key consideration?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to beta-blockers?
• Which biomarker is most commonly used to diagnose MI?
• Which activity is typically avoided in the early post-surgery period after radical prostatectomy?
• Which test evaluates the difference in navicular height between seated and standing to assess arch function?
• How does timing of chest pain help differentiate its cause?
• What does tid stand for in medication frequency?
• Which muscles extend the wrist?
• An NYHA functional class IV heart failure would contraindicate exercise. Which description matches class IV?
• What is the recommended exercise intensity for stroke?
• The L5 myotome tests which movement?
• What is the typical exercise response when taking beta blockers?
• What does bilateral ankle oedema indicate?
• What is the threshold that defines elevated triglycerides?
• Kemp's test is used to assess which of the following?
• Which medications are systemic corticosteroids used for in asthma?
• Which factor may limit engagement and adherence to an exercise program in clients with CF?
• In pulmonary function testing, which option best describes the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less indicates what?
• Exercise considerations for medial epicondylopathy?
• Which statement best describes the effect on the heart in malignant pericardial effusion?
• What is the normal range of motion for forearm supination?
• Why is supervision essential in Alzheimer's disease?
• Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
• Which test assesses posterior knee stability by translating the tibia posteriorly?
• What exercise modification is advised for patients with severe diabetic retinopathy?
• Which finding during the anterior drawer test would indicate an injured ATFL?
• Which factor should be considered when planning exercise for Parkinson's disease?
• What characterizes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
• Which symptoms indicate pericardial involvement from chemotherapy?
• What are the exercise recommendations for Type 2 diabetes?
• Which diuretic is commonly known as Lasix?
• Which postural defect commonly contributes to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
• In muscular dystrophy, which type of exercise should be avoided to prevent muscle damage?
• Which statement about the supine recovery after exercise is true?
• Who should have medical evaluation before engaging in vigorous-intensity exercise?
• Describe the McMurray's test protocol.
• In managing knee osteoarthritis through exercise, which approach is recommended?
• Which statement correctly defines total lung capacity (TLC)?
• Thomas test purpose?
• Which statement describes MG exercise recommendations?
• Between GMFCS Level II and GMFCS Level III, which level generally requires a wheelchair for long distances?
• What timing consideration is advisable for patients taking insulin regarding exercise?
• Which monitoring limitation is considered an absolute stop criterion?
• Which statement describes the FABER test protocol?
• What is autonomic dysreflexia?
• Which statement best describes a relative contraindication for exercise based on symptomatic orthostatic hypotension?
• Which statement best differentiates type 2 diabetes from type 1 diabetes?
• Which is a general principle for exercising patients with severe diabetic retinopathy?
• How many trials per hand are performed in the Hand Dynamometry protocol?
• What does digitalis/digoxin do?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy?
• How is primary hypertension defined?
• What is the normal range for foot eversion?
• Isolated systolic hypertension is most commonly seen in which population?
• Which statement describes MAS 3?
• What is the role of statins in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
• Which combination is recommended for hypertension?
• Which muscles are responsible for forearm supination?
• Which breathing technique is commonly used during exercise for emphysema?
• What apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) value range defines mild sleep apnea?
• What is the normal range of motion for shoulder horizontal adduction?
• Which Tardieu grade corresponds to a clear catch at a specific angle, easily overcome?
• Which statement best describes the fracture risk associated with osteoblastic bone metastases?
• Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is best described as?
• Brainstem stroke commonly results in impairment of which automatic functions?
• What do MS exercise recommendations specify regarding frequency, intensity, time, and type?
• C3 myotome controls which movement?
• What does scapular winging during a wall push up test indicate?
• What should be monitored when exercising on statins?
• Which of the following is an ARB?
• Which condition is a contraindication to exercise for Parkinson's disease?
• Which statement best describes the health impact of visceral fat compared with subcutaneous fat?
• Which statement best defines cancer-related fatigue?
• A bone density T-score of -1.5 most appropriately indicates which category?
• Spondylosis refers to which of the following descriptions?
• Which statement best describes MMT 1/5?
• When a significant drop in systolic blood pressure occurs during an exercise session, the recommended action is:
• What do CNS symptoms during a Symptom-Limited Test indicate?
• In Standing Flexion Test interpretation, what does one PSIS moving more cranially suggest?
• Which test involves pressing the patella inferiorly while the patient contracts the quadriceps?
• What is the normal range of motion for shoulder horizontal abduction?
• What should be avoided during exercise for individuals with anaemia?
• Leukaemia is best described as cancer of which tissue type?
• Biguanides primarily work by:
• An antalgic gait is defined by which feature?
• Which statement is true regarding symptomatic severe aortic stenosis during exercise testing?
• Which sign is typical of a lower motor neuron lesion?
• Progressive bulbar palsy is best described as affecting which region?
• What is reliability in testing?
• Which test is performed with thumbs up to minimize impingement when testing supraspinatus strength?
• What is a risk of evening exercise for patients using insulin?
• What should be avoided in muscular dystrophy to prevent muscle damage?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist adduction (ulnar deviation)?
• Which combination best describes the postural features of upper crossed syndrome?
• Sensitivity in testing refers to which capability?
• Primary lateral sclerosis is described as?
• What oxygen saturation level is a relative indication to stop exercise testing?
• Which muscles contribute to internal rotation of the shoulder?
• Which movement is commonly restricted to prevent hip dislocation after hip surgery?
• When chest pain increases during a Symptom-Limited Test, which statement best describes the recommended response?
• Which option best describes adherence to an exercise program for CF?
• Which wrist positions should be avoided to reduce carpal tunnel risk?
• Grade II lateral ankle sprain represents what pattern?
• The patellar tendon reflex tests nerve roots at which spinal level?
• How may resting heart rate change with cancer treatment?
• What happens to VO2max as disease severity increases in CF?
• Which movement is tested by the C5 myotome?
• What is the role of imaging evidence in diagnosing MI?
• Which disease has Type: aerobic and resistance?
• Which antihypertensive combination should be avoided due to increased risk of renal dysfunction?
• What are exercise considerations for metastatic cancer?
• Which statement best describes MMT 0/5?
• What is the basic pathophysiology of hypertension?
• Which BMI category is associated with high risk of chronic disease?
• Medial epicondylopathy affects which anatomical structure?
• What is the primary action of sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes?
• Which test targets the medial epicondyle area during provocative testing?
• The primary purpose of the biceps tension test is to assess long head of biceps tendon irritation or instability.
• If a MoCA score is abnormal below the normal threshold, which score reflects impairment?
• Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in which gene?
• Which statement best describes the reason for labeling a clinical condition as an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Isometric trunk flexor endurance test protocol?
• Visual disturbances, slurred speech, or transient limb weakness suggest cerebrovascular compromise requiring urgent medical assessment. Which statement best reflects this finding?
• Beta blockers may increase risk of hypoglycemia in individuals using which therapies?
• Which activity should be avoided in the early recovery phase after stroke?
• What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?
• What are exercise considerations for ultra-long-acting insulin?
• Which of the following is an exercise consideration for atherosclerosis?
• Which statement about FVC and FEV1 is true?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist extension?
• Which test is used to assess distal tibiofibular ligament injury?
• Which medication has been shown to slow progression of ALS?
• Which conduction disturbance represents a complete heart block that requires pacing for safety?
• Using ACE inhibitors during exercise increases the risk of which electrolyte abnormality, especially with diuretics?
• Which statement describes exercise safety for anticonvulsants?
• Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor and enables shoulder abduction and external rotation, with sensory coverage over the lateral shoulder?
• What is a risk associated with exercise for clients with liver disease?
• Which gait is defined by excessive hip and knee flexion with forward trunk lean and high energy cost?
• In peripheral artery disease, which medication class is indicated for all patients regardless of LDL and may improve leg symptoms?
• Why is recognizing red flags during maximal exercise testing important?
• What effect does exercise have on endothelial function?
• What should be monitored to prevent excessive delayed-onset muscle soreness in CMT patients?
• Germ cell tumours most commonly arise in which organs?
• C8 myotome tests which actions?
• Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver?
• What is the BBT protocol for each hand?
• Which antihypertensive medications increase the risk of post-exercise hypotension?
• Which end-feel is hard, abrupt resistance due to bone contacting bone?
• Which statement best describes the evaluation of the response to exercise in clinical exercise testing?
• HDL cholesterol is considered protective when the level is at least:
• In Sahrmann test stage 3, which action describes the movement?
• Which exercise approach best supports managing osteoarthritis?
• Which of the following is a recommended practice for PAD testing according to ACSM guidelines?
• What is valvular heart disease (VHD)?
• Which statement describes T2 in TNM staging?
• What is the primary purpose of the Windlass test?
• What technical difficulties are absolute indications to stop a maximal exercise test?
• What is a major exercise consideration when taking opioids?
• Which cognitive functions are commonly affected after a stroke?
• What is squinting patella?
• Gabapentin and Pregabalin are examples of which drug class?
• Which statement best describes exercise considerations for SNRIs?
• What BP range defines hypertension stage 3 (severe)?
• What defines a soft end-feel?
• In thoracic outlet syndrome management, which statement is correct?
• Which of the following is a key exercise consideration for Alzheimer's disease?
• Secondary hypertension is characterized by
• Axillary web syndrome primarily affects which aspect of recovery?
• Mitral valve stenosis is best described as:
• What describes a capsular end-feel?
• Step down test interpretation suggests proximal weakness if there is:
• Which of the following is a GLP-1 receptor agonist?
• Nocte indicates dosing at what time?
• A clinician suspects a lateral collateral ligament injury. Which test is most appropriate to assess LCL integrity?
• Which statement about MG is true?
• A stroke affecting the parietal lobe commonly leads to which problems?
• Which statement is NOT listed among the main risk factors for PAD?
• Lower leg pain with bluish discoloration at rest indicates which condition?
• GOLD 3 COPD corresponds to which FEV1 range?
• What is an example of an anthracycline chemotherapy agent?
• What characterizes a Grade II muscle strain?
• Which of the following is an example of an antiplatelet?
• Which of the following is a common risk factor for valvular heart disease?
• Dysarthria arises from impairment in what domain?
• Which statement best describes BESTest?
• Which test, when positive, is most associated with De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
• Which is a common side effect of antiplatelet medications after MI?
• In the presence of thrombophlebitis, what is the recommended approach to exercise?
• Mitral valve regurgitation is most accurately described as:
• What is neuroplasticity?
• On the Modified Ashworth Scale, which grade describes severe spasticity with movement essentially impossible?
• Which statement best describes chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity?
• The posterior drawer test assesses integrity of which ligament?
• A bone density T-score of -1.8 falls into which category?
• What is the primary purpose of the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)?
• Scapular posterior tilt is produced by which muscles?
• Which statement best describes the MAS protocol?
• What does bid stand for in medication frequency?
• Which of the following describes long-term cognitive impairments after TBI?
• Apley's scratch test purpose?
• Which statement describes the mechanism of ARBs?
• L2 myotome is tested by which movement?
• Injury to the common fibular nerve would most disrupt which movement?
• Short-acting insulin is primarily used for what purpose?
• What is a common consequence of ITB syndrome if left untreated?
• Which drug is a representative biguanide?
• In ECG risk assessment, more leads with ST-segment depression indicate what?
• What complications can arise from untreated autonomic dysreflexia?
• Which drug is a representative biguanide?
• Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by which mechanism?
• Which statement best describes the action of anticholinergics in tremor management?
• What is the possible total score range on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• What modification may be used for patients with peripheral neuropathy or vascular disease?
• How do contraindications differ for symptom-limited versus maximal exercise testing?
• Which statement best describes the secondary musculoskeletal effects that can follow CNS lesions?
• What is the normal range of knee flexion?
• Insulin resistance is
• Which condition is Phalen's test intended to assess?
• GMFCS Level I is characterized by which description?
• Which statement best describes MMT 0/5?
• What is learned non-use?
• What percentage of unintentional weight loss is considered a red flag during active cancer treatment?
• What is cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy?
• Which movement is tested by the L2 myotome?
• What should be ensured post-exercise in SMA/MD/MG patients?
• Which mechanism helps prevent injury by inhibiting the muscle during contraction when a slow stretch is applied?
• In the context of exercise for Type 1 diabetes, what is a key management strategy?
• Which of the following is not an adrenergic symptom of hypoglycaemia?
• Which are common signs and symptoms of MI?
• How may blood glucose change with cancer treatment?
• Meningioma arises from which tissue?
• Step down test purpose: what does it assess?
• Which of the following is required to diagnose MI?
• Which pattern is characterized by a reduced FEV1 with a normal or sometimes increased FEV1/FVC ratio due to reduced lung volumes?
• HbA1c (what it measures) is best described as:
• Which of the following is a negative sign in CNS lesions?
• Which symptom can indicate digitalis toxicity during exercise monitoring?
• During exercise testing, the appearance of dangerous arrhythmias is an absolute contraindication. Which option best describes this condition?
• Which muscle is primary in shoulder abduction after initiation by supraspinatus?
• What does PC mean in medication instructions?
• Isometric trunk flexor endurance test purpose?
• Which statement best describes the cardiometabolic risk associated with NAFLD?
• Which is an exercise consideration for knee osteoarthritis?
• Why is intermittent claudication clinically important in cardiovascular disease assessment?
• Which joint is primarily assessed by the AC compression test?
• Which is a precaution for plyometrics?
• What apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) value range defines moderate sleep apnea?
• Which test is used to assess meniscal integrity under functional load?
• NSAIDs are used to reduce what?
• GOLD 2 COPD corresponds to which FEV1 range?
• What BMI range defines healthy weight in adults?
• Which symptom pattern suggests critical limb ischemia requiring evaluation before activity?
• Pelvic lateral drop occurs when which of the following happens?
• During active cancer treatment, which combination constitutes red flags for weight loss?
• Which precaution is recommended for osteoporosis patients after surgery?
• Isometric trunk extensor endurance test purpose?
• What happens during the S phase?
• What causes muscle strains?
• Which statement about resting blood pressure during cancer treatment is most accurate?
• Which muscles are involved in shoulder flexion?
• How can sensory impairments affect exercise in CMT patients?
• Which disease's description includes bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor?
• Core muscle pattern in lower crossed syndrome. Which statement is typical?
• During the apprehension test, which signs are monitored to gauge instability?
• Tidal volume is defined as?
• Saddle anesthesia is a hallmark symptom of which condition?
• What type of activities should be avoided in PD due to high falls risk?
• For SMA, which is true about exercise considerations?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist flexion?
• Which scapular tilt is produced by lower trapezius and serratus anterior and essential for overhead arm elevation?
• Which statement best describes adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
• Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor and provides sensory coverage over the lateral shoulder?
• Which of the following describes the effect of acute skeletal muscle contraction on inflammatory markers?
• What size are the blocks used in Box and Block Test?
• Which statement most accurately describes the asthma exercise prescription?
• What should be avoided in underweight or medically unstable patients during exercise?
• Why is LDL often called 'bad cholesterol'?
• What is hypertension?
• Which of the following are examples of anthracycline chemotherapy drugs?
• Which statement about heart murmurs is true?
• The statement 'T12-S1 distance should increase 7-8 cm' pertains to which region's forward flexion?
• Which formula correctly defines Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
• What does TNM N3 indicate in cancer staging?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of ataxic cerebral palsy?
• Which metabolic or endocrine change can occur in cancer?
• Which of the following is a beta-blocker medication?
• What is a major exercise consideration for anticonvulsants?
• In MND, which type of exercise is discouraged due to fall risk and joint strain?
• Which option best defines malignant pericardial effusion?
• What interpretation is indicated by increased medial gapping on a valgus stress test?
• What is the primary purpose of the FROP-COM assessment?
• Long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy can increase the risk of which conditions?
• During cancer treatment, which factors should be monitored by the exercise professional?
• What is a contraindication for amylin analogue?
• What is the peak time for ultra-long-acting insulin?
• Which test assesses median nerve compression?
• Which structure is injured in a facet joint sprain?
• Which condition is a contraindication to stroke exercise?
• What hypertensive response is a relative indication to terminate exercise?
• In ACL sprain rehabilitation, which type of exercises should be started first?
• What is an open kinetic chain (OKC)?
• Which nerve provides sensation over the lateral shoulder?
• Which finding supports ATFL injury on the anterior drawer test?
• Which statement describes N2 in TNM staging?
• What is the total possible score on the Mini-BESTest?
• Which value defines kidney failure (CKD stage 5)?
• In the navicular drop test, a larger vertical navicular drop indicates which change in foot pronation?
• What is the normal range of hip medial rotation?
• A brainstem stroke typically impairs which functions?
• Which statement describes T1 in TNM staging?
• For SMA/MD/MG patients, what post-exercise practice is recommended?
• Which cardiac rhythm disturbances can cause palpitations?
• The Berg Balance Test is used to assess which of the following?
• What describes the full can test protocol?
• On the MMSE, which score range indicates moderate cognitive impairment?
• Which condition is a contraindication to exercise in Parkinson's disease?
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used to manage which condition?
• Which condition is a contraindication to exercising during dialysis?
• Which condition is a contraindication to exercise for multiple sclerosis?
• Which test is used to assess dynamic lower limb alignment and neuromuscular control?
• What is the risk associated with osteoblastic lesions?
• What describes spontaneous recovery?
• If Kemp's test produces sharp radiating pain into the leg, this most strongly suggests what?
• FEV1 stands for what measurement?
• What do technical difficulties monitoring ECG or BP during a Symptom-Limited Test mean?
• What is the normal range of ankle plantarflexion?
• Hoehn and Yahr Stage IV is described as which?
• In Ober's test interpretation, what does the leg remaining above horizontal indicate?
• In upper crossed syndrome, the tight muscles typically show what characteristic?
• Which factor is NOT included in the FROP-COM protocol?
• In the Step Tap Test protocol, how high is the platform used?
• Excessive anterior translation on the anterior drawer ankle test indicates injury to which ligament?
• What is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• Which finding best indicates a positive straight leg raise for nerve root tension?
• Which statement best describes the G2 checkpoint?
• What happens to expiratory airflow during CF-related exercise testing?
• C6 myotome is associated with which movements?
• What do SNRIs primarily do?
• What precaution should be taken during stretching?
• Which practice is recommended during exercise for people with pulmonary hypertension?
• What is the normal range for cervical spine rotation?
• Which muscle weakness can exacerbate ITB syndrome?
• What is the normal range for thoracic spine lateral flexion?
• The C4 myotome corresponds to which shoulder movement?
• Which resistance intensity is discouraged in SMA/MD/MG patients?
• What are the three main categories of clinical exercise testing?
• Which of the following describes sensory symptoms associated with CIPN?
• Stoma care during activity: which practice is recommended?
• What is a common subtype of testicular germ cell tumours?
• Which end-feel is described as firm but not hard resistance typical of joint capsule restriction?
• Which nerve innervates the hip adductors and provides sensation over the medial thigh?
• Hypoglycaemia in diabetes is defined as blood glucose falling below approximately how many mmol/L?
• Which Tardieu grade indicates limb rigid and immobile?
• Upward rotation in scapular movement is characterized by which description?
• Hoehn and Yahr Stage II is described as which?
• What is long-acting insulin used for?
• In the biceps tension test, what does anterior shoulder pain suggest?
• What does Hand Dynamometry measure?
• What is recommended for individuals with low immunity to exercise safely?
• What is the protocol for the tennis elbow test?
• Endothelial cells regulate blood flow, vascular tone, angiogenesis, leukocyte adhesion, and what other process?
• Which cancer arises most commonly in the skin as a malignancy of melanocytes?
• Pelvic anterior tilt is commonly associated with which scenario?
• What is the proper protocol for the drop arm test?
• Which emotional deficits may follow brain injury due to stroke?
• How do sensory impairments alter exercise prescription in CMT?
• Which symptoms during exercise are relative indications for stopping?
• What blood pressure values require medical clearance before exercise?
• What are late symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity?
• When exercising while taking ezetimibe, which of the following should be monitored?
• What is a recommended precaution when prescribing exercise for heart failure?
• Intrarater reliability refers to the consistency of a test when the same clinician uses the test multiple times on different patients and obtains the same results. Which option best reflects this definition?
• Which populations commonly use the 9-Hole Peg Test?
• HDL is low and associated with increased cardiovascular risk when below:
• What functional consequence is associated with Trendelenburg gait?
• Expiratory reserve volume is defined as?
• Neutropenia is defined as an ANC below which value?
• What does an inability to control the descent or a sudden drop during the drop arm test indicate?
• Lower crossed syndrome - functional consequences. Which describes the consequences?
• What modification is recommended for severe osteoporosis?
• Which is a key exercise consideration for asthma?
• The supine recovery position after exercise is recommended because it increases stroke volume and reduces cardiovascular load.
• L5 myotome tests which movement?
• What does the 9-Hole Peg Test primarily evaluate?
• Which statement correctly describes trunk rotation mechanics?
• Which muscle is a primary mover in ankle dorsiflexion?
• What are ostomy bags used for?
• The anterior drawer test assesses integrity of which ligament?
• What is the eGFR range for CKD stage 3 (moderate decrease)?
• Which statement best reflects a non-ischemic chest pain feature?
• The S1 myotome is associated with which ankle movements?
• Which finding is less specific for cervical nerve root compression in the Spurling test?
• Which statement correctly describes the Finkelstein's test protocol?
• Steppage gait is described as which?
• Which leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
• Which action constitutes the Trendelenburg sign protocol?
• If SpO₂ falls below 80% during a Symptom-Limited Test, what is the correct interpretation?
• Scapular winging is due to dysfunction of which muscle or nerve?
• What percentage of cerebral palsy cases does ataxic cerebral palsy represent?
• Achilles tendinopathy is best described as?
• Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is best described as?
• Which Berg Balance Test score range indicates high fall risk?
• What are the exercise recommendations for dyslipidaemia?
• A parietal lobe stroke can cause problems with which academic skills?
• Which scenario is a contraindication to exercise in multiple sclerosis?
• Steppage gait is most commonly due to injury to which nerve?
• Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is defined as which of the following?
• How is insulin resistance typically managed in PCOS?
• The Single Leg Squat Test assesses stability and neuromuscular control of which joints?
• Which of the following is an SGLT2 inhibitor?
• Levodopa is primarily used to treat which condition?
• What does the MMSE measure?
• In MAS scoring, which description corresponds to a score of 1+?
• Why is an absolute contraindication listed for physical disability precluding safe testing?
• Which muscles contribute to downward rotation of the scapula?
• Which of the following describes the treatment strategies for PAD?
• ACE inhibitor or ARB plus thiazide diuretic is particularly useful in which situations?
• For SSRIs, which of the following is a recommended exercise consideration?
• Trendelenburg gait - primary muscles involved. Which muscles are primarily involved?
• In a healthy adult, knee flexion typically reaches up to how many degrees?
• Which precaution specifically addresses protecting a catheter site during exercise?
• What total cholesterol value is considered desirable?
• Which statement best describes positive signs in CNS lesions?
• Which BMI range defines underweight in adults?
• What is the purpose of the anterior drawer ankle test?
• Which of the following describes red flags during exercise for heart failure?
• Which factor is important when designing activity programs for individuals with Alzheimer's disease?
• What is a Grade I muscle strain?
• Which dyspnoea symptom is relieved by sitting upright after sleep?
• Which of the following is a major sign or symptom suggestive of cardiovascular disease?
• Basal cell carcinoma originates from which cells?
• Which test is used to evaluate the meniscal pathology by moving the knee through flexion with tibial rotation and palpating the joint line?
• What does a pain near end range in Neer's test suggest?
• Which statement correctly defines functional residual capacity (FRC)?
• Which symptom is NOT typical of tumour lysis syndrome?
• Which sign is most consistent with left ventricular failure?
• Which muscles constitute the main everters of the foot?
• What MoCA score indicates severe cognitive impairment?
• Which deficits are categorized as visuospatial/perceptual deficits after a stroke?
• NAFLD is best described as
• Which condition is described as an overuse injury of the plantar aponeurosis?
• In the wall push up test, what observation is used to assess scapular control?
• Which of the following is a visuospatial/perceptual deficit after stroke?
• What should be used for swimming with a stoma?
• What precaution should be taken with central lines and ports during exercise?
• Why is active wheezing considered a red flag during physical activity?
• What do signs of poor perfusion during a Symptom-Limited Test reflect?
• During exercise testing for individuals with diabetes, which precaution is recommended?
• Which of the following is NOT a stroke exercise precaution?
• Which statement about supervision in Alzheimer's disease is most accurate?
• Which statement is NOT true regarding upper crossed syndrome?
• What is a key practice regarding DOMS when planning plyometric sessions?
• Which condition most commonly affects the medial head at the musculotendinous junction during rapid acceleration and presents with sudden calf pain?
• Which gait feature indicates dorsiflexor weakness in hemiparetic gait?
• In the patella grind test, anterior knee pain suggests pathology in which joint?
• What should be monitored post-exercise in MG patients?
• What is leukopenia?
• Which rehabilitation principle refers to arranging activities in logical order?
• Which statement best defines polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
• How does intermittent claudication typically present during activity?
• Which muscles are the primary hip abductors?
• Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a patient has at least how many of the five criteria?
• The normal range for hip medial rotation is up to how many degrees?
• What does moderate-to-severe angina during a Symptom-Limited Test signal?
• In FROP-COM interpretation, what does a higher score indicate?
• What are the primary contributing muscles in ITB syndrome?
• What is the recommended maximum intensity for resistance exercises in MND?
• SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose by:
• What is the recommended rest interval between trials in Hand Dynamometry?
• Long-term training lowers resting IL-6 levels due to which factor?
• Which of the following is NOT a beta blocker?
• Which of the following is a field-based exercise test for cystic fibrosis?
• What is the primary effect of systemic corticosteroids?
• What does reflex grade 1 indicate?
• Which of the following is an example of NSAIDs?
• Why is an adequate cool-down especially important for individuals taking antihypertensive medications?
• Which stretching description best fits its indication for improving range of motion limited by scar tissue adhesions or adaptive shortening?
• Osteosarcoma is described as which of the following?
• Who requires medical evaluation and ECG-monitored exercise testing before exercise?
• Which of the following is a second-generation antipsychotic?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between FVC and FEV1?
• In thoracic outlet syndrome, which combination of interventions is recommended?
• Upper crossed syndrome vs lower crossed syndrome differentiation. Which statement differentiates them?
• Masked hypertension is characterized by
• Which ergonomic strategy reduces upper limb strain?
• In Trendelenburg gait, what compensatory strategy helps reduce the hip abductor moment?
• Which cancer stage is characterized by distant metastasis present?
• Which gait is described by excessive hip and knee flexion with forward trunk lean?
• Which description best corresponds to Modified Ashworth Scale grade 4?
• Which checkpoint verifies that DNA replication has occurred accurately before the cell enters mitosis?
• Which grade is associated with clonus during reflex testing?
• What are NDRIs?
• Which is an exercise consideration for Scheuermann's disease?
• Which individuals do NOT require medical evaluation before starting exercise?
• Mitral stenosis is best described as:
• Which of the following is a long-term non-motor impairment after TBI?
• Which signs of poor perfusion require stopping a maximal exercise test?
• Which type of exercises should CMT patients avoid due to increased fall risk?
• What is the pathophysiology of treatment-related cardiotoxicity in cancer?
• A high resting heart rate measured in the supine position is a relative contraindication to exercise because it may indicate instability. What is the appropriate action?
• Which statement explains why known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis is treated as a relative contraindication?
• Validity in testing describes which concept?
• Which blood pressure criterion is used for metabolic syndrome?
• In the anterior drawer test protocol, what is translated?
• Which statement correctly defines relative contraindications to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Why are uncorrected medical conditions relative contraindications for exercise testing?
• On the Tardieu scale, what describes grade 3?
• Which term describes scapular movement where the shoulder blades move forward away from the spine?
• What precaution is recommended when exercising while taking niacin?
• Riluzole is the only medication shown to improve overall survival and slow symptom progression in which condition?
• Excessive forward translation in the anterior drawer test suggests injury to which structure?
• What is the protocol for the Stork test?
• Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include which of the following?
• Which statement best explains why the supine recovery position is recommended after exercise?
• When should exercise sessions be scheduled for Parkinson's disease?
• In the Thessaly test, what indicates a meniscal tear on interpretation?
• Which muscles contribute to upward rotation of the scapula as part of a force couple?
• Which Hb level triggers medical clearance for exercise in cancer patients?
• What interpretation does the Talar tilt test have?
• What is the primary purpose of the slump test?
• GMFCS Level IV is described as which?
• Which condition represents an absolute contraindication due to risk of embolic burden or hemodynamic compromise?
• What percentage of people with a stoma are affected by parastomal hernias?
• Prone straight leg raise test purpose is to assess:
• What is the purpose of the valgus stress test?
• In TNM staging, which term describes a larger primary tumor that may invade nearby tissue?
• What is the mechanism of action of nitrates in relieving angina?
• Which medication is used to treat menstrual irregularity in PCOS?
• Which of the following is an ARB?
• During the syndesmosis squeeze test, where are the tibia and fibula compressed?
• Which gait is associated with cerebellar dysfunction and presents with a wide base and variable foot placement?
• What does multiple positive findings on the Van der Wurff cluster indicate?
• Which is a contraindication for lumbar flexion exercises?
• Which muscles assist with ankle dorsiflexion besides the tibialis anterior?
• Which statement describes key exercise considerations for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• Which describes the recommended progression approach for OA exercise?
• L3 myotome tests which movement?
• Common symptoms of facet joint sprain?
• During exercise, what should be checked regularly to prevent pressure ulcers?
• What is a risk associated with high altitude for clients with CF?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
• Which test uses hip flexion to assess sacroiliac joint motion?
• What does TNM M1 mean?
• During acute skeletal muscle contraction, what happens to TNF-α?
• Which gait is characterized by unilateral weakness, commonly after a stroke, with the leg circumducting?
• What are exercise considerations for long-acting insulin?
• What does LDL cholesterol represent?
• In knee osteoarthritis, what should be monitored to adjust exercise?
• What is the Thessaly test designed to assess?
• Which CNS symptoms are absolute indications to stop a maximal exercise test?
• Which statement about intracerebral haemorrhage is true?
• Dynamic knee valgus is associated with weakness in which muscle groups?
• Which health risks are associated with normal weight obesity?
• When monitoring exercise in patients taking beta blockers, which method provides a reliable guide to intensity?
• During patella grind test protocol, what action is performed?
• Which statement best describes an exercise consideration for scapular dyskinesis?
• What BP range defines hypertension stage 2 (moderate)?
• In Type 2 diabetes, the term “relative insulin deficiency” means?
• Which statement best describes malignant hypertension?
• How is non-ST-segment elevation MI / unstable angina managed?
• Alpha-1 blockers cause what effect on blood vessels?
• Tachyarrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rates during or around exercise testing are considered which type of contraindication?
• Trendelenburg sign protocol can be identified by which observation?
• Why is acute myocardial infarction within 2 days an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Which AHI category corresponds to mild sleep apnea?
• What is an absolute red flag after radical prostatectomy?
• After a posterior approach total hip replacement, which precaution is recommended?
• Excessive posterior translation during a knee posterior drawer test indicates injury to which structure?
• Why is a severe headache considered a red flag in cardiovascular assessment?
• What is the recommended management for a facet joint sprain?
• The elbow flexion reflex primarily tests which muscle?
• What is the normal range of motion for wrist abduction (radial deviation)?
• Hypercalcaemia of malignancy is best described as which of the following?
• Which muscles commonly demonstrate reduced activation and endurance in upper crossed syndrome?
• Which is an example of an amylin analogue?
• Lower crossed syndrome overview describes tight hip flexors and lumbar extensors with weakness of which muscles?
• Why is post-exercise monitoring critical even after symptoms resolve?
• In FABER test protocol, what should be observed for compensatory movement?
• Which statement reflects a key ACSM testing recommendation for PAD?
• The common fibular (peroneal) nerve is primarily associated with which movements?
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are used to treat which condition?
• In metastatic cancer, which activity should be avoided due to fracture risk?
• Which drug inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase to increase intracellular calcium?
• Which description best matches the varus stress test protocol?
• When should exercise be avoided in multiple sclerosis?
• Which statement best describes an exercise approach for lateral epicondylopathy?
• In Kendall test interpretation, persistent hip flexion indicates which tightness?
• Which of the following lists diuretics as examples?
• Which monitoring is recommended for patients on second-generation antipsychotics during exercise?
• What distinguishes Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
• Neuroendocrine tumours arise from which cells?
• In Step Tap Test interpretation, which statement best describes the meaning of faster completion and fewer errors?
• What does a sharp radial wrist pain during Finkelstein's test indicate?
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors exercise considerations?
• Which neurons have cell bodies in the motor cortex and innervate spinal cord anterior horn cells?
• Hoehn and Yahr Stage III is described as which?
• Apley's scratch test interpretation: Asymmetry, limited reach or pain suggests which issue?
• Which frequency abbreviation means twice daily?
• Which pattern describes lower limb spasticity in CNS lesions?
• Stork test interpretation indicates SI hypommobility when sacral movement is absent or delayed. Which of the following best represents this interpretation?
• In facet positional dysfunction, what determines the direction of motion restriction?
• What is atherosclerosis?
• The C7 myotome corresponds to which action?
• What is the immediate action if autonomic dysreflexia occurs during activity?
• What does new-onset or definite change in shortness of breath prior to exercise indicate?
• Which conduction abnormality during maximal exercise testing is considered a relative indication to stop due to potential misdiagnosis of ventricular tachycardia?
• Which statement best matches Parkinson's disease exercise recommendations?
• Which statement best describes aortic valve diseases?
• Which test is used to assess hip joint and SI joint involvement?
• A resting heart rate greater than 120 bpm indicates what for exercise?
• Stage III cancer is described as which of the following?
• Carcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from which tissue?
• Which condition is an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• During which test are the posterior superior iliac crests palpated while the patient flexes forward to observe movement?
• What is a red flag for respiratory function in SMA/MD/MG patients?
• The McMaster protocol is best described as which of the following tests?
• In exercise prescription for a patient with lung cancer, how should contraindications be handled?
• Which of the following statements about SVC syndrome symptoms is true?
• Which muscles primarily extend the spine to maintain an upright posture?
• What is a seroma?
• During the Windlass test, which observation is essential?
• What should be monitored in clients prone to oxygen desaturation during exercise?
• During exercise for patients taking biguanides, what is a key consideration?
• What is Scheuermann's Disease?
• What is vital capacity (VC)?
• Which of the following is a typical feature of hemiplegic gait?
• Which muscles extend the trunk?
• Which statement correctly lists the external rotators of the shoulder?
• What MoCA score range indicates mild cognitive impairment?
• A systolic blood pressure drop of 12 mmHg during a Symptom-Limited Test occurs without ischemia. What does this indicate?
• How is hypoglycaemia treated?
• Which symptom is a common sensory-motor deficit after a stroke?
• Frontotemporal dementia is most likely to present with which early sign?
• Which statement about HbA1c is true?
• Which statement about treating a seroma is correct?
• Which statement best describes the cerebral cortex's role in motor control?
• Which distribution is assessed in the Van der Wurff cluster?
• Which statement best describes MMT 5/5?
• What major exercise consideration is associated with NSAIDs?
• Which gait is associated with bilateral lower limb spasticity and features such as toe walking and scissoring of the legs?
• Which of the following is an ACE inhibitor?
• What is ITB syndrome?
• Unstable angina is an absolute contraindication to exercise. Which description best reflects this condition?
• Which feature is most characteristic of Parkinsonian gait?
• In the painful arc test, pain occurring during which portion of arm elevation most strongly suggests subacromial involvement?
• Warfarin is used for which purpose?
• What is the treatment for haemorrhagic stroke?
• Which statement correctly describes how shoulder abduction is initiated?
• Which test would be used to provoke anterior glenohumeral instability concerns?
• What is the normal range of motion for elbow flexion?
• What should be monitored when exercising on digitalis/digoxin?
• How might chronic heart failure patients with arrhythmias respond to exercise compared to those without arrhythmias?
• Which of the following is a typical use scenario for a short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA)?
• What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)?
• De Quervain's tenosynovitis involves inflammation of which tendons?
• On the Tardieu scale, what describes grade 2?
• Which combination of symptoms is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which maneuver describes the Tinel's sign protocol?
• Asthma is described as a chronic airway inflammation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness causing reversible airflow obstruction.
• For exercise in treatment-related cardiotoxicity, which approach is recommended?
• Which of the following is an alpha-1 blocker?
• For CF-related diabetes, what should be done if pre-exercise blood glucose is not in the target range?
• What does localized superior shoulder pain during the AC compression test indicate?
• LDL cholesterol is considered optimal below which value?
• Which muscle is not a primary mover in ankle plantarflexion?
• Which gait is characterized by a narrow base and toe walking, often seen in spastic diplegia CP?
• Which exercise consideration is recommended for GLP-1 receptor agonists?
• During dialysis, when is it safest to perform higher-intensity exercise?
• A test with high sensitivity but low specificity will do which of the following?
• What is genu recurvatum?
• When a facet is stuck in flexion, which movements are restricted?
• What is the purpose of the Apley compression test?
• Which option best describes the parietal lobe's role in movement?
• In patients with moderate aortic stenosis, how is exercise generally managed?
• Navicular drop test protocol describes marking navicular height in which positions and calculating the difference?
• Which statement best describes the metabolic dysfunction commonly associated with PCOS?
• Which term describes scapular movement where the shoulder blades move toward the spine?
• Which of the following is a principle of rehabilitation?
• In a symptom-limited exercise test, termination is primarily based on which criterion?
• What are exercise considerations for short-acting insulin?
• Squamous cell carcinoma is cancer that originates from which cells?
• Malignant hypertension is best described as
• Which statement best describes subcutaneous fat?
• What is the purpose of the Van der Wurff cluster?
• What is the normal resting heart rate range for most adults?
• Idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus is most likely to occur in which populations?
• What is the normal ANC?
• What is the FADIR test used to assess?
• Asthma is associated with which of the following features?
• When a patient is screened and blood pressure is measured as >180/110 mmHg during pre-exercise screening, what is the recommended approach?
• What should be monitored over time in hand dynamometry to assess rehabilitation progress?
• What fasting glucose value constitutes the metabolic syndrome criterion?
• Which condition is a contraindication to OA exercise?
• What does the FABER test assess?
• Which leukemia is most common in older adults?
• On the MMSE, which score range indicates normal cognitive function?
• What is the treatment approach for ischemic stroke?
• Which of the following is an exercise red flag for multiple sclerosis?
• What does the Navicular drop test reveal when there is a dynamic medial longitudinal arch collapse?
• Which condition is a contraindication for stretching?
• What systolic blood pressure response is an absolute indication to stop a maximal exercise test when accompanied by ischemia?
• Which of the following is a red flag for a patient on peritoneal dialysis during activity?
• What are exercise considerations for MND?
• Who requires medical evaluation for BP management before starting or continuing exercise?
• What is the normal range of knee hyperextension?
• A bundle-branch block indistinguishable from VT during a Symptom-Limited Test requires?
• Which aspect best describes the protocol of the stork standing test?
• Which movement is tested by the C5 myotome?
• Why are uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias with haemodynamic compromise an absolute contraindication?
• Which spasticity pattern is typical for the upper and lower limbs?
• Which gait features a wide base, staggering steps, and variable foot placement, often due to cerebellar dysfunction?
• What is the primary purpose of the BESTest?
• Which scenario would indicate the use of PCSK9 inhibitors?
• Which of the following is a potential adverse consideration of systemic corticosteroids?
• Which of the following best describes common symptoms of tumour lysis syndrome?
• Which statement describes the Hand Dynamometry protocol?
• During the painful arc test protocol, what does the patient do?
• Which muscle assists in foot inversion along with tibialis posterior?
• Which of the following is an example of a nitrate?
• Ankle lurch gait is primarily caused by limitation in which joint, leading to hip and knee flexion to clear the leg?
• Which medications address atherogenic dyslipidaemia beyond statins?
• Which of the following is a second generation sulfonylurea?
• What should be considered for clients with impaired thermoregulation during exercise?
• The exercise prescription that includes aerobic plus resistance training is associated with which condition?
• Which of the following is a sensory symptom commonly associated with CIPN?
• Quadriceps gait is defined as which of the following?
• Which best describes the G1 checkpoint?
• Which 2-hour OGTT range defines impaired glucose tolerance?
• The FEV1/FVC ratio represents the measurement of what? And a value below which threshold indicates obstruction?
• In the Hoehn and Yahr scale, which description best matches stage 5?
• What is the CKD stage 3 eGFR range?
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage involves bleeding into which space?
• Which triglycerides level constitutes a metabolic syndrome criterion, or treatment for elevated triglycerides?
• In Neer's test protocol, which actions are performed?
• Isolated systolic hypertension is commonly associated with which mechanism?
• Which muscle's function is primarily tested by the empty can test?
• Which muscle acts as the primary inverter of the foot, with assistance from tibialis anterior?
• Frontotemporal dementia is most likely to present with which early feature?
• What is the normal range for shoulder medial rotation?
• In a Symptom-Limited Test, when ECG or BP monitoring is unreliable due to technical difficulties, what is the appropriate action?
• Which is a contraindication for plyometrics?
• What is the normal range for cervical spine flexion (chin to chest)?
• What do fibrates do?
• Which factor commonly provokes anginal chest pain?
• Stage II cancer is characterized by which of the following?
• Which sign is a red flag during rheumatoid arthritis exercise?
• Which statement describes N0 in TNM staging?
• Intracerebral haemorrhage most commonly affects which regions?
• A blood pressure of 155/95 mmHg is classified as which stage?
• Sarcoma is a malignancy of which tissues?
• Posterior drawer test protocol involves applying which force and at what knee position?
• Describe the biceps tension test protocol.
• Which statement best describes Parkinson's disease?
• Which of the following best describes the Step Tap Test?
• What is an exercise-related effect of SABAs?
• What finding during the syndesmosis squeeze test interpretation suggests a syndesmotic injury?
• What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
• White coat hypertension refers to
• What is another effective antihypertensive drug combination?
• Retrolisthesis describes which movement?
• What does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
• Why is HDL called 'good cholesterol'?
• Spondylolysis is defined as which?
• Which nerve innervates the interossei and intrinsic hand muscles, enabling finger abduction and adduction, with sensation to the little finger?
• Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
• Common subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumours include which?
• Why is known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis considered a relative contraindication?
• How many items does the BESTest protocol include?
• Which statement best describes the exercise recommendations for Alzheimer's disease?
• Which test identifies subacromial impingement by evaluating an abduction arc?
• What is the wall push up test used to assess?
• Which muscle acts as an assistant to scapular elevation along with the primary elevators?
• The patellar reflex corresponds to which nerve roots?
• What is the normal range of hip abduction?
• Why do CMT patients need to adjust exercise intensity?
• What are common risk factors for ITB syndrome?
• Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing skin cancer arising from which cells?
• What does the Talar tilt test assess?
• When should exercise be terminated in MS?
• Trendelenburg gait - pelvis stabilization. Which muscles stabilize the pelvis on the stance leg?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to exercise in heart failure?
• What best describes a stroke?
• What is immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• Traumatic brain injury is a type of acquired brain injury caused by external mechanisms.
• In early-stage breast cancer, what is the primary curative treatment?
• What does Ober's test assess?
• Which statement about the FEV1/FVC ratio is true?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for beta-blockers?
• What is the primary action of statins?
• What are key exercise considerations for gestational diabetes mellitus?
• Stage 2 hypertension thresholds for BP management before exercise
• What is the eGFR range for CKD stage 4 (severe decrease)?
• What hip flexion angle is used in the 90-90 straight leg raise test?
• Which activity should be avoided for at least three months after a stroke?
• What is end-feel?
• What does daily walking at home support in Alzheimer's disease?
• Which statement best describes the full can test position?
• Damage to higher association cortical areas commonly results in changes to which domains?
• Which BMI category is obesity class II?
• Why is the timing of ST-segment depression clinically important?
• Why can dizziness or syncope occur in cardiovascular disease?
• Which structure is commonly compressed in shoulder impingement during overhead motions?
• Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee flexion?
• What is the primary purpose of the empty can test?
• Genu valgum collapse is best described as:
• In cystic fibrosis, thick, viscous secretions obstruct airways and promote chronic infection and inflammation. This statement best describes which aspect of CF pathology?
• Which statement best describes primary (essential) hypertension?
• Which test is specifically designed to screen for pars interarticularis stress injury in athletes?
• In the TNM staging system, what does T0 signify for the primary tumor?
• What happens to end-tidal CO2 as disease severity increases in CF?
• What precautions should be taken for clients with CF-related diabetes before exercise?
• Which muscles constitute hip external rotation?
• What is the Phalen's test protocol?
• Which option is a contraindication for hydrotherapy?
• Which statement correctly defines upper motor neurons?
• Which statement defines irreversible (lethal) ischemia in MI?
• What does a higher Box and Block score indicate?
• Step down test protocol requires the patient to do which movement?
• Which statement best describes the recommended MND exercise program?
• What happens to peak work capacity in CF during disease progression?
• Which of the following is a representative SGLT2 inhibitor?
• During Trendelenburg test, which finding indicates gluteus medius weakness?
• On the MMSE, which score range indicates severe cognitive impairment?
• What are the main risk factors for PAD?
• In Kendall test protocol, which elements determine whether hip or knee extension occurs first?
• What is the role of the frontal lobe in movement?
• During the Standing Flexion Test protocol, what does the examiner observe?
• What is an exercise consideration for amylin analogues?
• For patients with anxiety disorders, what exercise approach is recommended?
• What is the purpose of the isometric lateral flexor endurance test?
• What action is indicated if a patient requests to stop during a Symptom-Limited Test due to discomfort?
• Which nerve supplies hip adductors and provides sensation over the medial thigh?
• What are exercise considerations for patients taking first-generation antipsychotics?
• Which of the following is a beta-blocker?
• Why should high-intensity exercise be avoided in CMT patients?
• On the MMSE, which score range indicates mild cognitive impairment?
• What characterizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure during exercise is most consistent with what, and what should be done?
• GMFCS Level III is described as which?
• What is the minimum duration for aerobic exercise to avoid in MND?
• What is compensation in motor recovery?
• What is the scoring system used in the FMA-UE?
• Regurgitant valvular heart disease that is severe is an absolute contraindication to exercise. Which option describes this?
• For MCL/LCL sprains, what is the typical rehab sequence?
• Which nerve is responsible for sensation to the little finger and the medial half of the ring finger?
• An embolic ischemic stroke is defined as which of the following?
• Which condition is described as a soleus strain?
• Trendelenburg test purpose?
• Myasthenia gravis (MG) is best described as which condition?
• Why is recent stroke or transient ischemic attack a relative contraindication for exercise testing?
• Which of the following is an example of niacin?
• Which statement should guide intensity when monitoring heart rate is unreliable?
• Type 2 diabetes is best described as?
• Which exercises should be targeted in osteoporosis programs?
• Which factors commonly cause hypoglycaemia?
• Why is active endocarditis an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• When can exercise-related hypoglycaemia occur?
• A fasting blood glucose of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L indicates which condition?
• Hoehn and Yahr Stage I is described as which?
• In the 90-90 straight leg raise test, what does a reduced knee extension indicate?
• Second-generation antipsychotics primarily block which receptors?
• Which describes the protocol for the Thompson test?
• When the facet is stuck in extension, which movement is restricted?
• Which chemotherapy agents are commonly associated with CIPN?
• Why should high-intensity exercise be avoided in CMT patients?
• Which precaution is recommended during hypertension exercise?
• Which early symptom is typically associated with chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity?
• What does the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) measure?
• What is the approximate blood glucose threshold used to define hypoglycaemia in diabetes?
• What is the weekly amount of high-intensity aerobic activity recommended?
• What is the normal range for foot inversion?
• Which cancer stage is described as localized, small tumour with no nodal or distant spread?
• What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)?
• What should be monitored during exercise in CMT patients?
• HDL represents which protective function?
• Which condition is an absolute contraindication to symptom-limited exercise testing?
• On the stork standing test, which finding would most strongly suggest a pars interarticularis stress injury?
• What are absolute red flags for exercise post-mastectomy?
• During the Thomas test, abduction or external rotation of the extended leg indicates tightness of which muscle?
• FABER test interpretation: groin pain during the test suggests what?
• What characterizes the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• During Ober's test, which action is performed to assess ITB/TFL tightness?
• Why are recent falls considered a red flag in cardiovascular assessment?
• Prone straight leg raise test interpretation: which finding suggests poor stabiliser recruitment?
• The posterior drawer test is used to assess integrity of which ligament?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale score between 9 and 12 represents which level of brain injury?
• Which of the following is NOT a first-generation antipsychotic?
• Trendelenburg gait - overview. What causes this gait pattern?
• Why is near-syncope considered a red flag?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitors or ARBs?
• Which of the following is a key exercise consideration for individuals with PCOS?
• What characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
• What waist circumference threshold in females indicates increased metabolic risk?
• Which muscle assists in foot inversion along with tibialis posterior?
• Exercise is associated with which effect on endothelial function?
• What blood pressure range is classified as normal?
• A patient has systolic 132 mmHg and diastolic 82 mmHg. Do they meet the metabolic syndrome blood pressure criterion?
• What is the desirable level for total cholesterol?
• Temporal lobe stroke commonly causes which deficit?
• Which statement about malignant pericardial effusion is true?
• Arrhythmias during a Symptom-Limited Test other than sustained VT require?
• Which precaution is recommended when exercising during dialysis?
• What should be avoided during 'off' medication periods in PD?
• Compared with osteolytic lesions, osteoblastic lesions are characterized by:
• Which describes a red flag in osteoarthritis during exercise?
• A blood pressure of 165/102 mmHg falls into which hypertension stage?
• Alpha-1 blockers primarily block which receptor type?
• Mitral valve regurgitation is caused by:
• For PCL sprain rehabilitation, what is the recommended progression after initial gentle strengthening?
• Which statement is true about HbA1c values?
• Which blood pressure reading constitutes a relative contraindication to exercise?
• How is a higher Mini-BESTest score interpreted?
• Which AHI value category defines severe sleep apnea?
• Which is emphasized in exercise for Parkinson's disease?
• How can ergonomics help in upper limb tasks?
• Which mechanism contributes to the decline in aerobic capacity during cancer?
• What is a stoma?
• How many items are on the FROP-COM checklist?
• What does the Mini-BESTest primarily assess?
• When should Parkinson's disease exercise sessions be scheduled for optimal benefits?
• Which is a negative sign in CNS lesions?
• Which test is used to assess rectus femoris length?
• Which statement is true about malignant pericardial effusion?
• Which statement correctly describes FEV1?
• Which of the following describes lateral epicondylopathy symptoms?
• During the straight leg raise test, radiating pain following a dermatomal pattern between approximately 30 and 70 degrees most likely indicates involvement of which structure?
• In slump test interpretation, which finding supports neural mechanosensitivity rather than isolated muscle tightness?
• Active pericarditis or myocarditis increases risk with exercise. Which statement reflects this?
• Which muscle is the primary trunk flexor?
• What should be done before exercise to manage bladder and bowel in SCI patients?
• Which muscles are involved in shoulder extension?
• Which describes the general exercise recommendations for patients with treatment-related cardiotoxicity?
• What are muscle spindles?
• Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is associated with damage to which brain structure, producing involuntary movement disorders?
• Emphysema is best described as a form of COPD characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil, leading to air trapping, hyperinflation and impaired oxygen diffusion. Which option best matches this description?
• What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
• During a Symptom-Limited Test, what is the recommended response if a patient experiences an arrhythmia other than sustained VT?
• Which statement best describes MMT 4/5?
• In patients with mood disorders, what is a key consideration when prescribing exercise?
• Which symptoms are associated with chemotherapy-related arrhythmias?
• Which domains are covered by the FROP-COM protocol?
• Which of the following HR values is used as a relative contraindication requiring medical clearance?
• Force closure describes stability provided by what?
• NAFLD is characterized by which statement about alcohol intake?
• Ataxic cerebral palsy is primarily associated with damage to which brain region?
• After hip dislocation, which is an appropriate starting approach to exercise?
• What type of cancers are central nervous system tumours?
• Which symptom combination most closely aligns with signs of heart failure in chemotherapy-treated patients?
• Which T-score range defines normal bone mineral density?
• What is a first-line antihypertensive drug combination?
• In restrictive lung disease, which statement is true?
• On the Tardieu scale, what describes grade 4?
• What is the normal range of motion for shoulder lateral rotation?
• Which time duration is commonly recommended across asthma, CF, and PD guidelines?
• Why is cardiovascular monitoring important in people with diabetes?
• The S2 myotome is associated with which movements?
• In the drop arm test interpretation, what does inability to control descent suggest?
• Which neurotransmitters are increased by SNRIs?
• What should be considered for exercise in clients with advanced CF?
• What characterizes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Bipolar I disorder is characterized by which mood episodes?
• Which statement about Alzheimer's disease is true?
• What is the normal range of hip adduction?
• What is the normal range of motion for forearm supination?
• Interrater reliability is defined as which of the following?
• Bipolar II disorder is characterized by which combination of episodes?
• During Trendelenburg assessment, a pelvic drop on the unsupported side indicates weakness of which muscle group?
• What risk increases when ACE inhibitors or ARBs are combined with potassium-sparing diuretics?
• Which statement best describes MMT 2/5?
• Claw hand deformity involves which pattern?
• What fasting blood glucose range is normal?
• What are osteolytic lesions in bone metastases?
• Which of the following are examples of statins?
• In MND, which level of dyspnea indicates respiratory overexertion to avoid?
• Which of the following lists correctly identifies examples of SNRIs?
• What is the normal range for cervical spine extension?
• What is idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• Normal weight obesity is defined as
• During Sahrmann test stage 5, what is the key action?
• What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
• In the straight leg raise, what does it mean if dorsiflexion alters symptoms?
• Complex ventricular arrhythmias are an absolute contraindication. Which scenario describes this?
• Which T-score range defines osteopenia?
• The premotor cortex is responsible for what?
• What modifications may be necessary for CMT patients with foot deformities?
• Which test is performed with the shoulder flexed to 90 degrees and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees?
• Which of the following is a symptom of malignant pericardial effusion?
• What is scapular dyskinesis?
• What are the exercise recommendations for Type 1 diabetes?
• Which of the following is a GLP-1 receptor agonist?
• PAD commonly coexists with which condition?
• What is the normal ROM for lumbar spine trunk extension?
• Which imaging modality is commonly used to provide evidence of infarction?
• Which statement is true regarding the navicular drop test interpretation?
• Which statement describes very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?
• L4 myotome tests which motion?
• A faster HRR after exercise indicates greater cardiovascular fitness.
• Which statement describes MAS 2?
• What is a common adverse effect associated with antiplatelet therapy after MI?
• What defines acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
• What is the peak time for short-acting insulin?
• Which disease has exercise recommendations: 2 to 4 days; light to moderate; 20 to 40 min; strengthening and balance?
• Which exercise consideration is advised for patients with multiple myeloma?
• What is the primary action of SGLT2 inhibitors?
• Which muscle is the prime mover for scapular protraction, with assistance from pectoralis minor?
• What is the recommended maximum intensity for resistance exercises in MND?
• Which statement best describes the presentation of SVC syndrome?
• Which of the following is a symptom of SVC syndrome?
• Which lipoprotein primarily carries triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues?
• What are the common symptoms of PAD?
• How is normal thoracic spine trunk forward flexion best assessed?
• What does reflex grade 0 indicate?
• What is an exercise consideration for SGLT2 inhibitors?
• The James protocol stages are determined by which factors?
• To prevent hip dislocation, which precaution is advised?
• What criterion distinguishes relative contraindications from absolute ones in symptom-limited exercise testing?
• Second-generation antipsychotics treat which symptoms of schizophrenia?
• During exercise, which glucose level range requires caution due to potential complications when accompanied by symptoms or ketosis?
• Which drug is a biguanide?
• What does qid stand for in medication frequency?
• For clients with cystic fibrosis exercising at high altitude, which statement is most accurate?
• Which scenario is a contraindication to exercise for someone with arrhythmias?
• In the Windlass test protocol, which statement describes the procedure?
• During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, which processes occur?
• What is the normal range for normal lumbar spine trunk forward flexion?
• The Single Leg Squat Test assesses stability of which joints and neuromuscular control?
• What is a potential consequence of untreated rhabdomyolysis?
• Which finding during a Symptom-Limited Test most strongly suggests myocardial ischemia if the patient is stable?
• Which muscles act as a force couple to rotate the scapula upward?
• What does reflex grade 4 indicate?
• Scheuermann's disease management emphasizes which type of exercise?
• What is the standard protocol for the apprehension test?
• Which statement best describes initial management of a facet joint sprain?
• Which of the following is an example of a second-generation antipsychotic?
• Before starting an exercise program for obesity, which finding requires medical clearance?
• Which item is a precaution for hydrotherapy?
• What is shoulder impingement?
• Where does cutaneous melanoma most commonly develop?
• Which drug class is used to reduce thromboembolic risk after ischemic stroke?
• Which test is designed to assess core stability by maintaining neutral lumbopelvic alignment during progressive lower limb movement challenges?
• Diabetes is diagnosed when fasting glucose reaches what value on two separate tests?
• Diastolic blood pressure is the minimum arterial BP occurring during ventricular relaxation.
• Which statement about safe stretching tension best describes proper practice?
• What are exercise recommendations for metastatic cancer?
• Heart rate recovery (HRR) is defined as the rate at which heart rate declines after exercise.
• During Sahrmann test stage 1, what describes the starting position and the leg movement while maintaining a constant lumbar pressure under the spine?
• Elevation in scapular movement is defined as which of the following?
• Which term describes the inability to perform skilled movements despite intact sensation?
• When the facet is stuck in flexion, which movement remains normal?
• Which Hoehn and Yahr stage is described as 'Bilateral symptoms, no postural instability'?
• How do ARBs affect aldosterone secretion?
• What are exercise considerations for biguanides?
• What is the primary purpose of the straight leg raise test?
• Ely test protocol involves what action?
• Which symptom list is identified as a relative indication to stop during exercise?
• Which statement describes N1 in TNM staging?
• Which ligament is most commonly sprained in the ankle?
• A stroke in the frontal lobe is most likely to cause which of the following?
• Which BP change constitutes a relative indication to stop during exercise testing?
• Which symptom distribution is classic for carpal tunnel syndrome during provocative testing?
• Parasympathetic nerves related to heart function mainly arise from which nerve?
• In interpreting Purdue Pegboard Test results, what does a higher number of pegs indicate?
• Which postoperative scenario has an absolute red flag not to start exercise within 8 weeks?
• Which of the following is a recommended exercise precaution for people with asthma?
• Which of the following reflects exercise considerations for Type 2 diabetes?
• Why are pulmonary rales a red flag during cardiovascular assessment?
• Which describes the Ober's test protocol?
• Which of the following is a precaution during the exercise for peritoneal dialysis patients?
• What type of exercise should be avoided in SMA/MD/MG patients?
• During Sahrmann test stage 2, from tabletop position, what movement occurs?
• What is the normal range of hip flexion?
• What are the exercise recommendations post-surgery?
• Vascular dementia is primarily caused by which condition?
• Which lipid-lowering drug activates PPAR-alpha to modulate lipid metabolism?
• Which statement accurately characterizes GLP-1 receptor agonists?
• For spastic muscles in multiple sclerosis, what is recommended?
• Endocrine and metabolic changes in cancer may include which combination?
• What is the red flag for fever after immunosuppressive treatment?
• Which statement describes MAS 2?
• In individuals with Parkinson's disease who have orthostatic symptoms, which type of exercise should be avoided?
• Which set of symptoms most strongly indicates possible heart failure in a patient exposed to anthracyclines?
• What defines a closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise?
• Which progression is recommended for ACL sprain rehabilitation?
• In evaluating ST-segment changes for ischemia, the displacement threshold is measured at what time after the J point?
• Which sensor detects changes in length and rate of stretching, triggering a protective contraction if overstretched?
• What is the normal range for normal thoracic spine seated rotation?
• A haemorrhagic stroke is defined as which of the following?
• HDL cholesterol’s role in reverse cholesterol transport is best described as:
• Which scenario is an absolute contraindication to starting or continuing an exercise program due to progressive worsening of exercise tolerance?
• In scapular dyskinesis rehab, which statement is true about scapular stabilizers?
• During deep tendon reflex testing, what is observed when the tendon is struck?
• In a subarachnoid haemorrhage, bleeding occurs primarily into which space?
• What are intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)?
• What is the pathophysiology of metastatic cancer?
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease exercise considerations?
• Which of the following is a post-exercise hypotension risk drug class?
• What is the purpose of the Finkelstein's test?
• How may haemoglobin change with cancer treatment?
• In the Thomas test interpretation, a greater lift of the extended leg indicates what?
• Which test is most appropriate to differentiate neural tissue involvement from hamstring tightness?
• What does form closure refer to in pelvic stability?
• Which term indicates dosing at night?
• What does a drop in systolic BP >10 mmHg with ischemia during a Symptom-Limited Test show?
• Elbow extension is produced by which muscles, with assistance from which?
• What are examples of fibrates?
• What is the eGFR range for CKD stage 2 (mildly decreased)?
• Which statement best describes the protocol for the isometric lateral flexor endurance test?
• Why is mental impairment with limited ability to cooperate a relative contraindication for exercise testing?
• What value defines normal kidney function in terms of eGFR?
• Syndesmosis squeeze test purpose?
• Aortic valve regurgitation is defined as:
• What should be monitored when exercising on fibrates?
• Which symptom is a red flag for COPD during exercise?
• How does the James protocol increase workload after the initial three stages?
• What does the FEV1/FVC ratio represent, and what value is considered normal in healthy individuals?
• Which nerve provides sensation to the plantar (sole) surface of the foot?
• How is normal lumbar spine lateral flexion ROM measured?
• Which protocol uses 2-minute stages with predetermined work rates based on gender and height?
• Which disease includes high falls risk?
• What exercise considerations should be made during ADT?
• What is malignant pericardial effusion?
• Which of the following is a relative indication to stop an exercise test?
• Which outcome is improved by antiplatelet medications after MI?
• Which mechanism best explains how calcium channel blockers help in angina?
• Which of the following is a common cause of Trendelenburg gait?
• Which statement best describes the treatment approach for post-menopausal breast cancer (stages I-IIIA)?
• What is the recommended type of exercise for COPD?